WTI goes global
Overview
WTI Midland is now the world’s largest freely traded grade of crude oil by output and volume. In December 2015, the US lifted a 40-year ban that had restricted exports of US crude overseas. Since the ban was lifted, export volumes have soared and US crude now makes its way to markets all over the world.
The meteoric rise of US crude on the global stage has made Permian basin crude WTI Midland the world’s most important grade and has put the US Gulf coast at the epicentre of global crude trade. Houston is the point of greatest optionality for crude oil. From Houston, crude can be refined in the world’s largest refining centre, moved domestically within the world’s largest oil demand hub, and exported to all corners of the globe. Price dictates these options, making the price at Houston the source of all key comparisons.
Light sweet WTI Midland is now firmly at the centre of price discovery for crude oil. It is a key component of Dated Brent and the global swing barrel, and European and Asian buyers are beginning to purchase crude on a WTI Houston basis. This crude has truly emerged as the heartbeat of the global crude system.
A global waterborne crude, underpinned by a liquid pipeline market
In most major markets, crude oil is generally transported by water. But the WTI Houston and Midland markets are different, with oil travelling first by pipeline in small, rateable transactions. The high volume of daily transactions means that there are many points of price discovery throughout the day. Our expert team of crude oil market reporters endeavour to capture it all.
Cargo markets by nature consist of a few, large single trades. But at the US Gulf coast, cargoes are priced at a differential to the pipeline market, so they benefit from the underlying price dynamics of the highly liquid and transparent US pipeline market.
For this reason, understanding the WTI supply chain and the drivers of its price formation is imperative for anyone buying, selling or trading crude oil across the globe.
WTI and Argus, a deeply rooted relationship
For two decades, Argus WTI assessments at Midland and Houston have been the standard physical benchmarks for US crude, as well as the settlement indexes for a robust derivatives market. These prices are assessed as differentials to the Argus WTI formula basis, based on the Nymex light sweet crude futures contract — one of the world’s most actively traded oil futures. They are the clear choice for trading companies seeking to manage WTI positions in the physical and paper markets.
Argus WTI Houston and Argus WTI Midland collectively form the basis of the world’s third-largest crude oil derivatives market, after Nymex light sweet and Ice Brent. The contracts are actively traded over the counter and cleared by oil brokers through exchanges such as CME and Ice.
Our rich, deep and trusted coverage of the US crude oil market is unrivalled. You need Argus to make confident business decisions.
Latest crude oil news
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Fewer, smaller shale deals in 2025: Enverus
Fewer, smaller shale deals in 2025: Enverus
New York, 23 January (Argus) — After $300bn of consolidation in the US oil and gas industry over the past two years, deal making is set to fall in 2025 while breakeven prices for acquired inventory will likely rise, according to consultancy Enverus. The rapid pace of mergers and acquisitions targeting shale-based assets has led to many of the best targets having been snapped up. As a result, the quality of newly acquired inventory is declining, averaging a $50/bl breakeven price in 2024, up from $45/bl in 2022-23, Enverus calculates. "The pool of available remaining private equity assets is largely smaller, higher on the cost curve or both," Enverus said in its annual outlook. Yet a pressing need for scale and future of location inventory will encourage smaller producers to embark upon more deals. And improved efficiencies — such as drilling longer lateral wells — will be key in boosting economics on more marginal acreage. Mergers involving public companies will ease up in 2025 from a recent average of five a year, according to Enverus. While deals involving smaller producers may offer suppressed valuations relative to private opportunities, a potential lack of a strategic fit and agreement on future management teams may pose obstacles. By Stephen Cunningham Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Trump tariffs could stall Mexico’s growth: Fitch
Trump tariffs could stall Mexico’s growth: Fitch
Mexico City, 23 January (Argus) — US President Donald Trump's threat to impose tariffs on imports from Mexico could have a serious impact on Mexico's already sluggish economic growth in 2025, Fitch Ratings said. "Our assumption is that Trump will follow through on some tariff threats," said Todd Martinez, senior director of sovereigns at Fitch Ratings, during a webinar. But potential 25pc tariffs would likely apply only to durable goods, which account for about 10pc of Mexico's exports to the US, thanks to protections under the US-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) trade agreement that are likely to protect oil exports, he added. Fitch forecasts Mexico's economy to grow by just 1.1pc in 2025. But this estimate does not include the potential impact of tariffs, even if limited. Should they be implemented, these tariffs could shave 0.8 percentage points off GDP growth, potentially pushing the economy into near-zero growth or a contraction, Martinez said. The uncertainty surrounding the scope, timing, and duration of the tariffs adds to the economic risks. "These tariffs may also serve as a negotiation tool for broader bilateral issues," noted Shelly Shetty, managing director of sovereigns at Fitch Ratings. Exports to the US represent over 25pc of Mexico's annual GDP growth. Additionally, Mexico is home to the largest undocumented population in the US, at around 4.8mn individuals, according to Fitch. While Trump's return to the White House could disrupt Mexico's economy, domestic challenges also threaten growth. Martinez highlighted the judicial reform passed late last year, which will overhaul the judiciary by introducing popular elections for judges and supreme court justices between 2025 and 2027. This reform has already raised concerns among global investors. Mexico's governance index has worsened between 2012 and 2023, according to the World Bank. Fitch also noted that the ruling party Morena's supermajority in congress could further alarm international investors by introducing policies perceived as unfavorable to business. Fitch currently has Mexico's sovereign credit rating at BBB-, its lower medium investment grade, with a stable outlook. By Édgar Sígler Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Venezuela loses appeal of $8.5bn ConocoPhillips award
Venezuela loses appeal of $8.5bn ConocoPhillips award
Houston, 23 January (Argus) — An international arbitration court has rejected Venezuela's appeal of an $8.5bn award given to ConocoPhillips related to Venezuela's expropriation of its crude assets in 2007. The World Bank's International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (Icsid) dismissed Venezuela's appeal, which was based on multiple arguments over the costs awarded. Icsid also ordered Venezuela to pay $6.46mn in ConocoPhillip's legal fees and $1.35mn in other court costs for the proceedings. "The decision upholds the principle that governments cannot unlawfully expropriate private investments without paying compensation," ConocoPhillips said of the ruling. Venezuela's latest appeal with Icsid came after a US federal court in 2022 cleared ConocoPhillips to try to collect the $8.5bn award, which has an annually compounded interest rate of 5.5pc. Venezuela's government did not immediately respond to a request for comment. ConocoPhillips first filed the case with Icsid after Caracas expropriated its Petrozuata and Hamaca crude upgrading assets and its offshore Corocor light to medium-grade crude production project as part of deceased former-president Hugo Chavez's nationalistic energy drive. But collection will still be difficult given that there are multiple claims in international courts totaling more than $60bn against Venezuela, which has dwindling international assets in the face of sanctions against the government of President Nicolas Maduro. A process to sell US refiner Citgo, Venezuela's main foreign oil asset, to satisfy some of these creditors has faced multiple delays. By Carla Bass Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Poland says EU 2040 climate target a 'challenge'
Poland says EU 2040 climate target a 'challenge'
Edinburgh, 23 January (Argus) — Setting the bloc's climate target for 2040 as well as agreeing additional environmental and climate laws is a "challenge" for the six-month Polish EU presidency, Poland's environment minister Paulina Henning-Kloska said, as there is "no unified position". Speaking to the European Parliament's environment committee, Henning-Kloska, who chairs meetings of both environment and energy ministers, made clear that member state adoption of the bloc's 2040 target for cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be difficult. "We had a discussion on this in the council [of ministers] last December," she said. "What is clear is that there is no unified position," she added, as some member states wants greater flexibility in reducing emissions between 2030 and 2050. Difficult discussions between EU states and in the European parliament will likely push the submission of the bloc's nationally determined contribution (NDC) — climate plan — to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) beyond the 10 February deadline. The European Climate Law requires the European Commission to propose a 2040 climate target "at the latest within six months of the first global stocktake". The global stocktake was completed during the UN Cop 28 climate summit in Dubai, in 2023. It gauged countries' progress against the Paris Agreement and proposed measures to keep to its goals — including keeping warming preferably below 1.5°C. EU officials note that the 2040 target will "inform" the decision on the EU's next NDC. Even if the EU's NDC submission does not require a separate law, officials also "expect" to receive a political mandate from member states before the NDC submission by the European Commission and the EU's presidency, led by Poland until the end of June. Despite the threat to a speedy timeline, the commission maintains it will continue to be a "leading" voice for international climate action and aims to submit the EU's next NDC "well ahead" of the Cop 30 climate talks in Belem, Brazil in November. But German member Peter Liese thinks the EU is in "deadlock" on its 2040 target. "We may like it or not, it's very ambitious," he said. "And I don't see enough support for that target." A member of parliament's largest centre-right EPP group, Liese also picked up on Polish prime minister Donald Tusk's and Henning-Kloska's call for changes or delay to the bloc's specific emissions trading system for road transport and heating fuels (ETS2). "I don't see — without the ETS2 — member states have any plan to get to their target," said Liese, who has previously helped draft legislative revisions to the ETS. "I don't think abolishing is a solution. Postponement is also [not] the best solution," Liese said. By Dafydd ab Iago Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Why Argus WTI?
Unrivalled methodology
Argus reports the US Gulf coast pipeline market the way it trades, rather than forcing it into a one-size-fits-all methodology. We publish volume-weighted average indexes for each assessed grade and location using reported deals done, and publish the underlying deals themselves. This provides our subscribers with accuracy and convenience, as well as a transparent audit trail.
An all-in-one view of your data
Hourly snapshots of the WTI Midland and WTI Houston markets can be viewed on the Argus Crude Market Ticker, also accessible on CME Direct. And for the first time, Argus WTI Midland and Houston futures can be traded directly on-screen through CME Direct, including by entities that do not retain a cash market broker.
Innovation and responsiveness
Argus has reported waterborne cargo prices for WTI Midland for several years on both fob US Gulf coast and delivered-Europe and Asia bases. As the market has developed, so has our approach. In November 2022, we augmented our rolling price for fob Midland WTI by reporting three intramonth periods, to better reflect market structure and the way cargoes are traded.
An expert reporting team
The Argus WTI Houston and Midland assessments are underpinned by the expertise of our Americas editorial team. We demystifying these complex markets through independent and transparent pricing, built on the strength of our relationships with the market. We have been surveying these pipeline markets for decades, meaning we understand the vital connections and nuances that exist.
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Our commentary on the rise of WTI
