Будет ли фундаментальный сдвиг на рынке азотных удобрений?

  • Market: Fertilizers
  • 17/10/22

Ситуация с природным газом в Европе по-прежнему оказывает влияние на мировой рынок аммиака и азотных удобрений. Однако к середине октября этот энергоноситель в европейском регионе подешевел: если в конце августа цены на газ на месяц вперед на нидерландской площадке TTF составляли €339/МВт·ч, то к 13 октября они опустились примерно до €157/МВт·ч. В результате расходы на производство аммиака и азотсодержащих продуктов в Европе уменьшились.

Благодаря текущему удешевлению газа некоторые европейские предприятия возобновляют выпуск аммиака и азотных удобрений. В начале октября крупная германская компания SKW Piesteritz стала снова выпускать аммиак на своем предприятии, рассчитывая затем вернуть в эксплуатацию и мощности по производству карбамида, а также автомобильного реагента AdBlue, пользующегося огромным спросом в стране. Завод простаивал с 14 августа из-за высокой стоимости газа.

Польская Grupa Azoty почти полностью возобновила выпуск аммиака и азотных удобрений на своих предприятиях в Пулавах и Тарнуве, которые простаивали семь недель по той же причине. Компания сообщила, что смогла вернуть линии в эксплуатацию благодаря изменению конъюнктуры рынка, но детали не уточнила. Норвежский гигант Yara собирается в ближайшие дни снова выпускать селитру на своем итальянском заводе в Равенне. Информация о возобновлении работы второго предприятия Yara в Италии, которое тоже было остановлено в августе, предположительно, до конца текущего года, пока не поступала. Зато к 13 октября Yara снова стала предлагать во Франции карбамидо-аммиачную смесь (КАС) — впервые за несколько месяцев. По всей видимости, производитель возобновил выработку этого жидкого удобрения на своем предприятии в Слейскиле (Нидерланды).

Тем не менее значительная часть как аммиачных агрегатов, так и линий по выпуску азотсодержащих удобрений в Европе все еще простаивает. И участники рынка пока до конца не понимают, как будет развиваться ситуация: то ли европейские мощности будут возвращаться в эксплуатацию при условии стабилизации цен на газ, то ли Европа продолжит активно закупать как импортный аммиак, так и зарубежные азотные удобрения. А объемы потребления этих продуктов в европейских странах повлияют на динамику котировок на мировом рынке.

Помимо простоя мощностей в Европе, еще одним фундаментальным фактором является слабый спрос на карбамид и другие азотные удобрения, который сейчас наблюдается практически на многих крупных рынках сбыта, например в Бразилии, европейских странах, США, за исключением Индии, где 17 октября закончился очередной крупный тендер на закупку карбамида, а также Пакистана. Однако позднее в IV квартале спрос на это удобрение, как ожидается, будет расти, если учесть, что той же Европе требуется докупить существенные объемы карбамида для использования в I квартале следующего года. В связи с этим нельзя исключать нехватки предложения, которая окажет поддержку ценам. Китай, откуда прежде поставлялось много продукта в Индию, сейчас не может отгружать такие же объемы вследствие экспортных ограничений и карантинных мер из-за коронавируса.

Таким образом, дальнейшее развитие ситуации на мировом рынке аммиака и азотных удобрений будет во многом зависеть от объемов их производства на европейских предприятиях, равно как и от уровня спроса на импортные азотсодержащие продукты в Европе. По крайней мере импорт аммиака в европейские страны пока не уменьшился: это сырье по-прежнему активно ввозится, причем из таких удаленных регионов, как Индонезия, США, а также Тринидад и Тобаго.

Татьяна Давыдова

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Больше ценовой информации и аналитических обзоров мирового рынка азотных удобрений — в еженедельном отчете «Argus Азотные удобрения».


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