The European ethanol market awaits the final verdict of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), the registry of classification and labelling (CLH), on the potential classification of ethanol as a carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction (CMR) substance. The decision is expected in the second half of this year.
The classification would ban the use of ethanol in certain cosmetic applications. Some market participants said that it could mean that additional protective measures would be required when handling fuel grade ethanol, such as operators having to wear protective clothing and monitoring their exposure more closely. European renewable ethanol association ePure said that the decision "would have many undesirable and disproportionate effects in multiple sectors and industries".
Greek authorities submitted a proposal to the ECHA asking it to classify ethanol as a CMR substance back in July 2020.
This classification would suggest potential toxicity based on limited evidence from human or animal studies. The dossier submitted by the Greek authorities argues that ethanol causes developmental harm, in regard to prenatal alcohol exposure, and potential effects via breastmilk. Supporting data all derives from hazards caused by oral consumption.
Industrial-grade ethanol, often referred to as denatured alcohol, serves as a key ingredient in a wide range of products, including cosmetics, disinfectants, pharmaceuticals and paints.
Consumption of the grade increased during the Covid-19 pandemic, when many manufactures turned to ethanol to tackle disinfectant supply shortages.
In contrast, fuel-grade ethanol, typically referred to as undenatured ethanol, must meet EN (European Standard) specifications and adhere to sustainability standards set by certification bodies like the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) before being blended into gasoline.
According to ePURE data, 6.4bn l of ethanol was produced in Europe in 2023, with 5.5bn l or just under 86pc being for fuel, while only 7.6pc was for industrial use and 6.5pc for beverages.
In an open letter sent to the European Commission on 8 November 2024, the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products (AISE) requested for an "urgent intervention" on this potential reclassification. In the letter they said that this would impact both the general public and professional users, like in hospitals, where they said there is "no suitable alternative" to ethanol-based sanitisers.
Some have suggested that ethanol producers impacted by the ban might turn to the fuel ethanol market. But, the increased supply this re-classification could bring to the fuel market, depends on whether producers have or could obtain ISCC or equivalent accreditation.
By Toby Shay and Evelina Lungu
