Железнодорожные отгрузки на рынок России выросли
Объем погрузки на сети РЖД по итогам сентября снизился на 5,3% по сравнению с аналогичным периодом прошлого года, до 100,8 млн т, сообщил 3 октября на брифинге заместитель генерального директора РЖД — начальник Центра фирменного транспортного обслуживания Алексей Шило. Сокращение пришлось на экспортные отгрузки — на 20,2%, тогда как внутрироссийские поставки выросли на 3,6%.
Темпы уменьшения погрузки достигли максимума в июне — на 6,5% в годовом исчислении, а теперь находятся в диапазоне 5—5,5%. Так, в июле снижение составило 5,5%, в августе — 5%, а в сентябре — 5,3%. В октябре и по итогам всего 2022 г. сокращение погрузки ожидается на уровне 5%.
В сентябре выросли железнодорожные отгрузки на внутренний рынок всех основных грузовых номенклатур, в том числе грузов I тарифного класса. Погрузка каменного угля увеличилась на 4,6%, или на 600 тыс. т, железной руды — на 11,9% (870 тыс. т), а строительных грузов — на 10,7% (более 150 тыс. т).
Увеличение поставок угля на внутренний рынок связано с низким уровнем воды, вследствие чего электростанции повысили сжигание твердого топлива. Росту поставок строительных грузов способствует стимулирование со стороны государства, в частности, поддержка строительства автодорог и жилья.
«По II тарифному классу погрузка к прошлому году подросла во внутрироссийском сообщении на 1,7%. И если объемы нефти и нефтепродуктов остались примерно на уровне предыдущего года с небольшим плюсом, то погрузка химических и минеральных удобрений выросла на 27,6%. Эта продукция очень активно закупается внутри страны в этом году. Внутренняя погрузка продовольственных товаров увеличилась почти на 10%», — рассказал Шило.
В то же время погрузка грузов наиболее доходного, III тарифного класса выросла на 6,6%, в основном за счет увеличения отгрузки черных металлов — на 15,7% по сравнению с уровнем прошлого сентября. Кроме того, повысились объемы отправок химикатов — на 4,9%, а также перевозок сборных грузов — на 24,5%.
Экспортные отгрузки, напротив, сократились в сентябре на 20,2% по сравнению с аналогичным периодом прошлого года. В частности, снижение экспорта самого массового груза на сети РЖД — каменного угля — составило 17,1%, или 3 млн т. Вывоз нефти и нефтепродуктов на внешние рынки сократился на 4%, удобрений — на 27,5%, зерна — на 5,5%.
Вывоз продукции черной металлургии в сентябре снизился на 42,7%. Уменьшение отгрузок связано с тем, что крупные металлургические компании или их акционеры оказались под санкциями, отметил Шило. В сентябре сократились отгрузки металлов и в восточном направлении, поскольку цены на них не позволяют покрывать логистические издержки с поставкой через всю страну. В связи с этим компании начали активно прорабатывать с правительством вопросы субсидирования перевозок, добавил он.
«Груз III тарифного класса на расстояние более 9 тыс. км везти целесообразно при высоких экспортных ценах, но при текущей рыночной конъюнктуре коллеги не считают такие поставки выгодными», — резюмировал Шило.
По этой причине рассматриваются варианты поддержки отрасли в виде предоставления скидок к тарифу РЖД для экспорта черных металлов на определенных направлениях, однако сдерживающим фактором является отсутствие обязательств со стороны металлургов предоставить гарантии поставок продукции.
«На сегодняшний момент по одному из обращений для предприятий на Юго-Восточной железной дороге такое решение принято, чтобы стимулировать не восток, не через всю страну везти, а все-таки как-то снижать затраты транспортные при перевозках через АЧБ [Азово-Черноморский бассейн]. Скидка действует только в случае подтверждения гарантий объемов со стороны предприятий», — добавил Шило.
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Больше ценовой информации и аналитических материалов о рынке транспортировки навалочных, генеральных грузов и контейнеров — в ежемесячном отчете «Argus Логистика сухих грузов».
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Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul reallocates gas supply
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Houston area refiners weather hurricane-force winds
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Japanese bank Mizuho boosts support for H2, ammonia
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