Grupo Carso expande su huella en energía
En los últimos años Grupo Carso, dirigido por Carlos Slim, ha expandido sus operaciones en el sector de petróleo y gas natural, destacándose como uno de los pocos operadores que han fortalecido su presencia a pesar de las restricciones del presidente mexicano Andrés Manuel López Obrador a la inversión del sector privado.
A medida que los independientes y las grandes empresas petroleras han empezado a cerrar sus negocios en medio de la falta de nuevas oportunidades en subastas de la fase de exploración y producción, el Grupo Carso ha adquirido dos de los mayores contratos de aguas someras en los últimos 12 meses y ha expresado interés en hacer nuevas adquisiciones.
Durante una conferencia de prensa de cuatro horas en febrero, Slim confirmó el interés de la empresa en desempeñar "un papel más importante en el sector de los hidrocarburos y, finalmente, participar en los productos petroquímicos."
Slim, la persona más rica de México y director de un conglomerado que abarca desde las telecomunicaciones hasta la minería, también expresó su interés por "ser socio de alguien con experiencia" y por aumentar la participación de la empresa en el operador independiente estadounidense Talos Energy.
La división de energía de Grupo Carso, Carso Energy, tenía un papel marginal en el sector aguas arriba de México antes de esta administración, con derechos de producción y exploración de dos bloques terrestres asegurados tras la reforma energética de 2014.
A pesar de que los contratos se adjudicaron en 2017, los bloques 12 y 13 de Veracruz siguen en fase de exploración en medio de la falta de equipos de perforación disponibles y la presencia del crimen organizado en la zona, que ha impedido el acceso al emplazamiento, el operador informó al regulador de petróleo CNH el pasado diciembre.
Pero los dos bloques terrestres son pequeños en comparación con los bloques de aguas poco profundas que Grupo Carso compró el año pasado.
En septiembre, Grupo Carso completó la compra por $124 millones de una acción de 49.9pc en la filial mexicana de Talos Energy, involucrada también en el mega yacimiento de aguas superficiales de Zama que se está desarrollando con laparaestatal Pemex.
Con un pico pronosticado de producción de 180,000 b/d de crudo para 2026, el yacimiento sería el segundo campo de producción de crudo más importante de México según las cifras de enero.
El pasado diciembre, Carso Energy llegó a un acuerdo de $530 millones para adquirir el bloque de aguas someras 4 del conglomerado mexicano Petrobal en la cuenca sureste. El bloque es el tercer contrato de producción de crudo más alto, con una producción de 11,784 b/d en enero, según la CNH.
Inversiones en gas
En el sector del gas, Carso Energy también opera el gasoducto de gas natural Sasabe-Samalayuca de 472mn cf/d y es socio en las líneas estadounidenses de interconexión Waha-Presidio y Waha-San Elizario.
Pero mientras que la mayoría de las empresas del sector de la energía han visto un colapso de las oportunidades de inversión durante la administración de López Obrador, el Grupo Carso parece ser una de las pocas empresas del sector privado con las que el presidente permitirá que las empresas estatales Pemex y CFE hagan negocios.
CFE adjudicó directamente un nuevo contrato de gasoducto al operador en diciembre del año pasado, con un acuerdo para ampliar la línea de gas Sasabe-Samalayuca de 416km y 472mn cf/d de Sasabe, Sonora a Mexicali, Baja California.
López Obrador, a menudo crítico de las empresas del sector privado dentro del sector de la energía, incluso ha elogiado el papel creciente de Slim en el mercado del petróleo y el gas, celebrando su adquisición del contrato Petrobal por permitirle "permanecer en manos mexicanas."
Mirando hacia el futuro, los profundos bolsillos del Grupo Carso podrían convertirlo en un socio potencial para desarrollar el campo de gas de aguas profundas de Lakach tras la decisión de New Fortress Energy de retirarse el pasado mes de noviembre.
Pero el entorno de bajos precios del gas podría complicar el proyecto en el que Pemex ya ha invertido $1.4 mil millones, mientras que la falta de experiencia de Carso en aguas profundas plantea preguntas sobre su viabilidad como socio.
Carso Energy representó sólo 1.6pc de los Ps55.4 mil millones ($3.29 mil millones) totales de ventas del Grupo Carso durante el cuarto trimestre del año pasado, pero la estrategia de adquisición del grupo y el estatus favorecido frente a la administración podrían ver esa cuota aumentar en los próximos años.
| Proyectos de energía de Carso | ||
| Proyecto | Tipo de proyecto | Tamaño/capacidad |
| Bloque 12 | E&P en tierra | Fase de exploración |
| Bloque 13 | E&P en tierra | Fase de exploración |
| Zama | E&P en aguas someras | 180,000 b/d crudo en 2026 |
| Bloque 4 | E&P en aguas someras | 11,784 b/d crudo en enero |
| Sasabe-Samalayuca | Gasoducto | 472mn cf/d |
| Waha-Presidio | Gasoducto | 1.4 Bcf/d |
| Waha-San Elizario | Gasoducto | 1.1 Bcf/d |
| Grupo Carso | ||
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