Generic Hero BannerGeneric Hero Banner
Latest market news

Viewpoint: Data centers set to raise east US gas prices

  • Märkte: Natural gas
  • 30.12.25

Hyperscale data centers could reshape natural gas demand across Appalachia and the US east coast, driving infrastructure buildouts and tightening regional price spreads.

Utilities and pipeline developers in the US southeast are planning more than 3.3 Bcf/d (93mn m³/d) of new gas-fired generating capacity by 2040, largely to supply data centers, according to a January report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). In Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia, these facilities account for 65-85pc of projected electricity load growth, the report said.

Driven by demand for artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, data centers are energy intensive. Operators are racing to secure firm supply from gas-prolific Marcellus and Utica shales, spurring gas pipeline projects like the Commonwealth Energy Connector Project in Virginia and the Mountain Valley Pipeline Southgate expansion, contracted to Duke Energy and Public Service Company of North Carolina.

In Virginia's "data center alley", which holds the world's largest number of data centers, growth in power demand may be driven by other large load customers, such as the PJM Interconnection, which manages the electric grid for the District of Columbia and 13 eastern US states. Natural gas producers in the region have struck deals with tech giants such as Meta, that favor natural gas over renewables because of its reliability in the case of extreme weather.

New and transformed projects have already started to emerge. Once a coal-fired gas plant, Pennsylvania's Homer City Generating Station has converted into the Homer City Energy Campus, a 4.5-gigawatt natural gas-powered data center leveraging proximity to affordable Appalachian gas. The Chesapeake Utilities Ohio transmission company and Aspire Energy have also signed a $10mn deal for data center supply.

This growth in demand could elevate northeastern spot prices that are already pressured by cold weather in a region historically limited by takeaway capacity, especially in population-dense urban areas.

Range Resources expects 2.5 Bcf/d of incremental US demand from data centers by the end of the decade and a 4 Bcf/d increase in US LNG export capacity coming online in 2026.

"All of these projects will be competing for natural gas supply that could face supply challenges in that short timeframe," Antero Resources senior vice president of natural gas marketing Justin Fowler said during a recent earnings call.

In response, Antero after nearly a decade has renewed its focus on the Marcellus Core Fairway Expansion project in West Virginia, where production is more expensive.

The Columbia Gas index, a key indicator of New England prices, rose to $3.14/mmBtu in the week ended 29 December, up by 16pc from a year earlier and 76pc higher than two years prior. The TC Energy-owned Columbia Gas Transmission system in November launched an open season for up to 483mn cf/d of natural gas transportation capacity, aiming to meet rising demand from data centers and power generation in the Columbus, Ohio, area.

The Leidy Line index, a bellwether for Appalachian spot prices, averaged $2.76/mmBtu in January-November this year, 75pc higher than a year prior and 65pc above two years earlier. Argus forward curve data from 29 December showed Leidy Line prices for January-March 2026 at $3.83/mmBtu.

Such impact on prices, however, may not hit until 2027 because of delayed permitting. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has taken steps to provide greater flexibility and expedite installation of new natural gas infrastructure. The agency in December directed PJM to adopt new interconnection rules to speed large-load projects and improve reliability, driven by geopolitical tensions to build high-performing AI models in comparison with international competitors.

"Clarifying new rules will help release the bottleneck of large load investments across the PJM footprint," FERC chair Laura Swett said.

Still, uncertainty about over-investment lingers. AI-driven demand may not fully materialize, and ratepayers could face higher costs, according to a study by several environmental groups. The US Energy Information Administration expects national power generation to increase by 2.4pc in 2025 and 1.7pc in 2026, with recent adjustments reflecting slower-than-expected large-load additions, according to the agency's monthly Short-Term Energy Outlook.

Historically, northeast US hubs trade at discounts to the US benchmark Henry Hub because of pipeline constraints. But as local gas loads grow, those discounts could narrow, especially in shoulder months, although winter volatility will remain weather-driven.


Teilen
Generic Hero Banner

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more