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The US military today began "major combat operations" in Iran following co-ordinated Israeli strikes, marking the most significant escalation in years in the oil-rich Mideast Gulf and sharply raising the risk of oil and gas supply disruptions.
Iran has responded by firing missiles towards Israel and US military bases across the region.
"A short time ago, the United States military began major combat operations in Iran. Our objective is to defend the American people by eliminating imminent threats from the Iranian regime," President Donald Trump said. The US Department of Defense has codenamed the attack "Operation Epic Fury".
Trump said the US would destroy Iran's missile inventory and industry and "annihilate their navy", reiterating that Tehran "will never have a nuclear weapon". He told members of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and security forces to "lay down your weapons and have complete immunity or face certain death".
Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the joint US-Israeli attack on Iran "will create the conditions for the brave Iranian people to take their destiny into their own hands".
"The time has come for all sections of the people in Iran … to remove the yoke of tyranny … and bring a free and peace-loving Iran," Netanyahu said in a televised statement.
Videos circulated on social media indicated explosions in Tehran shortly before Trump's remarks. Israel earlier confirmed it had launched what it described as a "pre-emptive attack" against Iran, and defence minister Israel Katz declared a national state of emergency and warned of expected retaliatory missile and drone strikes.
Israel closed its airspace to civilian traffic, suspended non-essential activities and instructed citizens to remain near shelters. Iran also closed its airspace, and several commercial airlines have diverted or cancelled flights to the region.
Bahrain said the service centre of the US Fifth Fleet had been subjected to a missile attack. Video footage showed a thick grey plume of smoke rising in Manama.
The UAE, Kuwait and Qatar said their air-defence systems intercepted Iranian missiles that violated their airspace. Saudi Arabia strongly condemned what it called "blatant Iranian aggression" and a dangerous violation of the sovereignty of other Mideast Gulf countries.
All Mideast Gulf oil producers host US forces, including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait.
Meanwhile, EU high representative for foreign affairs Kaja Kallas said the bloc's "Aspides" naval mission "remains on high alert in the Red Sea and stands ready to help keep the maritime corridor open."
The strikes today signal the collapse of renewed US-Iran nuclear negotiations held in Switzerland this week. Trump said the military operation began after Iran refused to renounce nuclear weapons ambitions. Tehran has repeatedly denied seeking atomic weapons and warned it would retaliate against US bases in the Mideast Gulf region if attacked. It launched missiles towards the US Al Udeid air base in Qatar during a 12-day conflict in June 2025, after US and Israeli strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities.
Oil markets were already pricing in some geopolitical risk ahead of the escalation, with front-month Ice Brent crude trading near $73/bl on Friday, its highest since July.
An outright war between the US-Israel and Iran risks disruption to shipping lanes and flows through the strait of Hormuz, through which around 20pc of global oil supply and a significant share of LNG exports transit.
Opec+ ministers of the core group of eight are scheduled to meet on Sunday to review production policy for the month of April. Delegates had been weighing a modest supply increase from April, but the escalation introduces new uncertainty over supply balances and the group's strategy.
The US has significantly expanded its military presence in the Middle East in recent weeks, including air and naval assets, ahead of the breakdown in talks. Trump in his statement today acknowledged the risk of US casualties but said the operation was necessary to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.

