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US oil firms weigh risks and rewards of Mideast crisis

  • Märkte: Crude oil, Natural gas
  • 23.03.26

The US oil sector is set to reap a bumper cash windfall from the surge in oil prices that has followed the outbreak of the war with Iran, even as the majors face increased risks from disruptions to their Middle East operations.

If the US benchmark oil price were to average $100/bl this year, US oil industry cash flows would be an estimated $63bn higher compared with a $70/bl price scenario, consultancy Rystad Energy says. The April Nymex WTI contract traded at $96.14/blon 20 March. For listed independents and majors alike, capital discipline is likely to remain the guiding force, given uncertainty over whether the price spike will prove short-lived and how long the war will last. This suggests companies will opt not to invest in new output and instead funnel extra cash to shareholders. For shale producers, the option to boost output is in any case limited, as they drew down their stock of drilled but uncompleted wells last year when prices were low.

Retaliatory strikes by Iran against energy infrastructure across the Middle East last week increases the potential for sustained energy price spikes, but has brought home the risk for the US majors and leading independents with assets in the region. About 20pc of ExxonMobil's free cash flow for upstream operations and LNG production is forecast to come from the Middle East this year, according to Rystad, while Chevron's exposure is lower at about 5pc. Occidental's 1.45bn ft³/d (15bn m³/yr) Shah gas field with state-run Adnoc in the UAE — already one of the world's largest sour gas developments and weighing up a possible expansion — suspended operations after a drone attack caused a fire at the site on 16 March.

The effective closure of the strait of Hormuz, the key transit route for a fifth of the world's energy, has not only sent prices sharply higher but is forcing companies to adjust their supply chains and logistics. "When we do crisis management exercises, which in our business are a normal thing, the big one has already been something in the Middle East that shuts the strait of Hormuz, because so much of the world's energy flows through there every day," Chevron chief executive officer Mike Wirth said on a podcast earlier this month. "Markets are very uncomfortable, uncertain, volatile and unpredictable," he said. Chevron has had to slow down or shut in some operations in the region due to the crisis.

Before the outbreak of the war, the US majors were seeing more attractive fiscal terms on offer from governments in the Middle East and north Africa. But the conflict will bolster the appeal of operations and investments closer to home, away from the geopolitical turbulence of the region.

Southern comfort

South America is set to become a growth engine in the coming years, driven by projects in Guyana, Brazil and Suriname. The US majors are also counting on their US shale operations as a reliable source of cash flow for years to come. And the majors may take a closer look at projects that seemed less likely to go ahead a year ago. "There is probably going to be a stronger imperative on portfolio diversification," Rystad senior vice-president of upstream research, Thomas Liles, says.

While oil prices have surged well over $100/bl due to the conflict, the biggest worry should be the risk of prices hitting $200/bl, according to shale billionaire Harold Hamm. "It wouldn't be good for the world, it wouldn't be good for our industry," he said last week. The sooner the strait of Hormuz can be safely reopened to tanker traffic, the "better off everybody will be", Hamm added. And while it is still too early for companies to estimate the fallout from the war, SLB — the world's biggest oil field services contractor — recently issued a profit warning saying its first-quarter revenue will be lower than expected, after starting to "demobilise" operations in some countries in the Middle East.


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