The Japanese government has adopted a circular economy action plan to strengthen recycling of critical minerals, metals and plastics, aiming to expand domestic supply of recycled materials and reduce reliance on overseas resources, it announced today.
The plan targets around ¥1 trillion ($7bn) in combined public and private investment by 2030, as Tokyo seeks to enhance economic security and industrial competitiveness. The government positions the shift to a circular economy as an urgent national priority that goes beyond environmental protection.
In the metals sector, the plan sets targets for recycled material supply by 2030. It aims for recycled aluminium to account for around 40pc of domestic production of rolled aluminium products. Recycled sources are expected to make up about 30pc of domestically produced electrolytic copper, while around 30pc of materials used in rare earth-based permanent magnets will be supplied through recycling.
For steel, the government will expand the availability of high-grade scrap used as feedstock for "green steel", which is produced with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Processing capacity to produce such high-quality scrap will be increased by around 2mn t/yr, while collection of scrap and industrial offcuts will also be strengthened.
In plastics, Japan will promote the use of recycled materials to reduce dependence on imported feedstocks such as crude oil and naphtha. The government will require manufacturers to formulate and report usage plans, and will consider phased mandates on recycled content by the 2028 fiscal year.
The plan also calls for strengthening recycling infrastructure, including investment in facilities and the development of AI-based sorting technologies to improve quality and reduce costs. It includes support for recycling hubs, networks, and processing, storage and smelting capacity.
The move comes on the back of intensifying global competition for resources. Countries are increasingly seeking to secure not only primary resources but also recycled materials. China has tightened export controls on critical minerals while strengthening domestic recycling, and the EU has introduced stricter rules on exports of electronic scrap and expanded the use of recycled plastics. In rare earth supply chains, export controls by certain countries have raised concerns over supply stability, prompting Japan to accelerate efforts to secure domestic resources.
The government will incorporate the plan into its upcoming growth strategy and basic policy on economic and fiscal management to be released this summer.
