Restrictions on scrap metal exports from the EU — something hinted at in the bloc's steel and metals plan — would undermine the European steel industry and climate goals, recycling associations have warned.
German recycling associations BDSV and VDM flag an independent study on the impacts of an EU scrap export ban published by the University of Applied Sciences in Jena, Germany.
The study suggests trade barriers are the wrong tool to enhance competitiveness, and that they would instead trigger retaliatory measures and undermine security of supply.
BDSV and VDM note that Europe depends on high-quality recycled imports, such as stainless steel.
The report also concludes there is no shortage of supply in the EU and that net exports reflect low demand caused by high energy costs.
The research also found that restrictions would reduce global scrap use, potentially pushing up carbon emissions.
"This study confirms what recycling companies have long been saying — export restrictions on recycled steel are the wrong tool," European recycling association EuRIC's secretary-general, Julia Ettinger, says. "The EU should focus on real solutions — reducing energy costs and investing in high-quality recycling — instead of turning to protectionism."
The EU's steel and metal action plan, announced in March, uses language that suggests the European Commission could consider export barriers, such as duties.
The commission in July launched a customs system to monitor scrap flows in and out of the EU, with a view to gathering "structured and detailed information".
Restrictive measures are already due to take force over the next couple years through EU waste shipment regulation. From 21 May 2027, there will be tighter restrictions on non-hazardous waste shipments, such as recycled metals, to non-OECD countries.
The first list of authorised countries to apply for inclusion will be released in November 2026. The EU has said countries can still ask to be included, but are not guaranteed a slot. Recycling bodies earlier this year urged more non-OECD countries to apply for inclusion.
The British Metals Recycling Association recently echoed these sentiments with regards to the UK, having commissioned a study of its own.
