Carvão
Visão geral
Os preços globais do carvão térmico subiram para níveis recordes em 2022, vivendo volatilidade sem precedentes. Desde então, os preços começaram a cair à medida que os riscos associados ao fornecimento da Europa diminuíram. Em um nível global, a demanda por carvão permanece robusta, com a segurança do fornecimento subindo na agenda de muitos governos à luz da agitação geopolítica.
Na Europa, as sanções deslocaram a mistura de importação de carvão da região da Rússia para outros fornecedores. O ritmo de redução gradual das usinas de carvão na região deve aumentar nos próximos anos, com o papel do carvão na mistura de eletricidade se deslocando ainda mais para o uso de pico de carga, tornando o planejamento futuro mais desafiador.
Na Ásia-Pacífico, o carvão térmico continua sendo um pilar dos setores de energia e industrial. Os fluxos comerciais globais de carvão e os spreads de preços estão mudando, com fluxos de fornecedores-chave Rússia, Indonésia, Austrália, África do Sul, Colômbia e EUA penetrando novos mercados, em resposta à dinâmica de preços e barreiras comerciais.
Manter-se a par dos preços e fluxos, e de como os mercados de carvão se cruzam com outros índices de referência de energia e commodities, será fundamental nos próximos anos.
Últimas notícias
Navegue pelas últimas notícias do mercado sobre a indústria global do carvão.
Methane emission cuts could boost energy security: IEA
Methane emission cuts could boost energy security: IEA
London, 5 May (Argus) — Cutting methane leaks and routine flaring could unlock significant volumes of gas to alleviate pressure on a tight global LNG balance, according to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) methane tracker published on Monday. The effective closure of the strait of Hormuz since 28 February has shut in around a fifth of the world's LNG supply, with the IEA estimating 110bn m³ of gas passing through the waterway in 2025. But the agency suggests that roughly double the amount of gas trapped in the Mideast Gulf could be replaced by cutting methane emissions, which has the potential to relieve pressure on the tight global LNG market. The organisation indicates that large volumes of gas output are being wasted because of methane leaks, flaring and venting from oil and gas operations. And it estimates that around 100bn m³ of gas could be made available through a global effort to cut methane emissions from oil and gas operations, as well as an additional 100bn m³ through the elimination of non-emergency flaring. Deployment of infrastructure to achieve such large cuts would take time, but the IEA said that immediate measures across global upstream and downstream operations could relieve gas markets by nearly 15bn m³ in the short term. The report identifies the primary exporting countries with scope to create additional gas supply as Turkmenistan, Algeria and Nigeria, while Asia is the main importing region where gas losses could be prevented ( see graphs ). The agency also projects that around 30pc of all methane emissions tied to fossil fuels — more than 35mn t/yr — could be removed at no net cost, based on average energy prices in 2025. Required capital for abatement is lower than the market value of the gas captured to be sold or used, the IEA said. And the gap could grow as a result of the rise in prices cause by the war in the Middle East, according to the organisation. No sign of progress The IEA found that methane emissions tied to fossil fuels edged up on the year in 2025, indicating no progress towards targets. Output from the fossil fuel sector — including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy — reach record highs in 2025 and methane emissions from these activities totalled 124mn t. This is up from roughly 120mn t in 2024 . Oil production emitted the highest volume of methane at around 45mn t, coal closely following with 43mn t while emissions from gas output were 36mn t. And around 70pc of fossil-fuel methane emissions came from only 10 countries, with China, the US and Russia the leading emitters ( see graph ). Existing policies and regulations for global abatement will only cut energy-sector methane emissions by 20pc by 2030 and 26pc by 2035. This is short of the global methane pledge reduction target of a 30pc cut by 2030. By Iris Petrillo Potential additional gas supply from abatement of methane emissions in importing countries bn m³ Potential additional gas supply from abatement of methane emissions in exporting countries bn m³ Fossil-fuel methane emissions by country kt Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Transnet sets coal rail closure dates in South Africa
Transnet sets coal rail closure dates in South Africa
London, 5 May (Argus) — South Africa's state-owned rail operator Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) will close its coal-delivering north corridor for annual maintenance on 21 July-1 August. TFR will carry out track renewals, signalling upgrades and major infrastructure repairs, sharply curtailing coal deliveries to the Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT). Coal movements during the maintenance window fell to 336,000t in 2024 and 125,000t in 2025. In comparison, TFR's average weekly deliveries to port were at 976,000t in 2024 and 1.06mn t in 2025. The operator typically increases deliveries to RBCT in the weeks preceding the maintenance period to mitigate the effect of reduced rail availability during the shutdown. While TFR has not issued a formal annual coal delivery target for this year, RBCT management — which is operationally dependent on TFR — said more than 60mn t of coal is expected to be delivered in 2026, alongside an internal ambition to sustain a 65mn t/yr run rate. TFR transported 18.8mn t of coal by rail to RBCT on 1 January-20 April, equivalent to a weekly average of 1.17mn t, Argus data show. RBCT accounts for about 90pc of South Africa's thermal coal exports, suggesting TFR is currently on track to move over 60mn t to the terminal on an annual basis. By Ashima Sharma Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Indonesia raises PKS export tax to $10/t for May
Indonesia raises PKS export tax to $10/t for May
Singapore, 4 May (Argus) — The Indonesian government has raised its export tax on palm kernel shells (PKS) to $10/t for May, up by $1/t from April, following high crude palm oil (CPO) prices. Export taxes have are at its highest level in more than two years since it last reached $10/t in January 2024. The CPO reference price for May is $1049.58/t, up from $989.63/t in April, according to Indonesia's trade ministry. The PKS export tax is linked to the CPO price on a sliding scale, based on the export tax calculation announced by Indonesia's finance ministry in 2017 (see table) . The government has kept the PKS levy at a flat rate of $5/t. This brings the total export tax and levy package for Indonesian PKS to $15/t for this month, the highest level in almost four years, when it was $16/t in July 2022. Export duties on palm oil products are paid to the treasury, while levies go to the government's Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency to subsidise domestic biodiesel blending and replanting initiatives. Japanese utilities have been stockpiling PKS to mitigate any prolonged inflationary impact from the US-Iran war. A Japanese power producer concluded several spot deals last week for 10,000t of Indonesian PKS in a $95-101.90/t fob Sumatra range for loading between mid-June and mid-July. Up to 15 PKS shipments amounting to 150,000t were concluded also concluded last week for loading in July-December from the east coast of Sumatra to Japan at $93-100.50/t. Argus assessed the Indonesian market for PKS that meets Japan's feed-in-tariff at $100.06/t fob east coast Sumatra on 29 April. By Nadhir Mokhtar Indonesia PKS tax and levy $/t Export tax Export levy Total tax & levy Monthly CPO benchmark price May '25 7 3 10 924.5 June '25 6 3 9 856.38 July '25 6 3 9 877.89 Aug '25 7 3 10 910.90 Sep '25 8 3 11 954.71 Oct '25 8 3 11 963.61 Nov '25 8 3 11 963.75 Dec '25 7 3 10 926.14 Jan '26 7 3 10 915.64 Feb '26 7 3 10 918.47 Mar '26 8 5 13 938.87 April '26 9 5 14 989.63 May '26 10 5 15 1,049.58 Source: Indonesia finance ministry Indonesia PKS export tax scale $/t Indonesia's monthly CPO benchmark price Export tax Up to $680 3 $680-730 3 $730-780 4 $780-830 5 $830-880 6 $880-930 7 $930-980 8 $980-1,030 9 $1,030-1,080 10 $1,080-1,130 11 $1,130-1,180 12 $1,180-1,230 13 $1,230-1,280 13 $1,280-1,330 13 $1,330-1,380 13 $1,380-1,430 13 >$1,430 13 Source: Indonesia finance ministry Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
France's fossil fuel roadmap a key step: think tanks
France's fossil fuel roadmap a key step: think tanks
Edinburgh, 29 April (Argus) — France's roadmap to transition away from fossil fuels, which combines energy policies and climate targets in one document, is an important step, even though no new goals were announced, energy and climate think tanks said today. France released the roadmap yesterday, during the first conference on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels, ongoing in Santa Marta, Colombia. The plan matches France's climate goals with its energy policies in one document, including its national low carbon strategy and its new electrification plan set out in April . It reiterates the country's goal to move from a share of around 60pc fossil fuels in final energy consumption in 2023 to 40pc in 2030 and 30pc in 2035, to reach net zero emissions in 2050. The government plans to phase out coal by 2030, oil by 2045 and natural gas by 2050, under its national low carbon strategy and its roadmap. "France is one of the few countries in the world to have such a precise schedule for a gradual exit from fossil fuels," the French environment ministry said. The French roadmap aims to inspire partner countries on long-term planning, it said. France's last two remaining coal-fired power plants are scheduled to close or be converted by next year. The roadmap also states that over 95pc of fossil fuels burned in the country are imported. France eyes a 50pc reduction in gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 compared with 1990, to reach net zero emissions by 2050. Although the country did not announce new goals, the roadmap sends an important signal, think-tank International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) energy policy advisor Natalie Jones said. "Higher ambition and not solely repackaging existing policies would have been even better, but an explicit fossil fuel phase strategy, with timelines, is new and welcome," she said. She added that the framing of the roadmap in relation to UN Cop climate summits, the global stocktake and climate action is significant. The first global stocktake, agreed on in 2023 at Cop 28, called for a transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems. "Few countries tackle all fossil fuels together — this gives other countries a critical opportunity to follow suit, while fossil fuel-producing nations can also lay out plans to diversify their economies as global demand for fossil fuels wanes in the decades ahead," said global research organisation WRI director of international climate action David Waskow. Asked about whether other EU countries could release fossil fuel transition roadmaps in the future, EU climate commissioner Wopke Hoekstra yesterday said that whether roadmaps are "specifically about phasing out fossil fuels… is secondary to impact". He reiterated the EU's goals — net zero emissions by 2050 and a 55pc reduction for 2030, from 1990 levels — pointing out that the wording is about reducing emissions rather than specifically phasing out fossil fuels. The "reality is… the same, you cannot be at 90pc [of emission cuts] in 2040 if you will not radically phase out fossil fuels", Hoekstra said. The EU updated its climate law earlier this year to add a 90pc GHG reduction by 2040, from 1990 levels, although up to 5pc of the target can be met using international carbon credits. Fossil fuel producer Colombia also presented a draft fossil fuel transition roadmap this week, developed with researchers, and designed to act as a potential standard for other countries to use. It aims to achieve a 90pc reduction in primary fossil fuel demand over 2026-50, and a 90pc cut in "whole energy system emissions" from 2015-50, while expanding access to energy. The plan pointed to the country's dependence on fossil fuels for revenues. Colombia exports oil and coal worth $25bn, against around $1bn in fossil fuel imports — mainly oil products, according to the roadmap. By Caroline Varin and Lucas Parolin Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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