US Group III base oil prices reached their lowest level in 31 months on increasing domestic production, global oversupply and price pressure from a key downward market.
The Argus-assessed domestic US Group III 4cst midpoint spot price closed at $5.12/USG ($1,613/t) on 24 November, its lowest since closing at $5.08/USG ($1,600/t) at the end of April 2021.
Spot prices fell by $0.20/USG ($63/t) during the week and are facing continued downward pressure till year-end.
The global oversupply is creating expectations that refiners in South Korea and the Mideast gulf will target the US market with arbitrage shipments in the first quarter.
Several importers of Group III into the US are lowering prices in late November and December to get ahead of the expected increase in supply in order to retain market share.
There is also increasing competition for domestic Group III sales as US refiners ramp up production.
Some refiners are cutting into their Group II base oil yields to produce more Group III volumes. This is attractive as surplus Group II grades are being forced to target lower-priced export markets because of weaker domestic demand.
The increased domestic Group III production is being diverted to a mix of internal consumption and merchant market uses. Refiners that are using their Group III production internally are taking fewer volumes of imported Group III, particularly for 2024 contracts and beyond.
Refiners who are offering domestic Group III into the merchant market are expected to offer prices closer to domestic spot values rather than posted price numbers.
While posted prices are typically used for term volumes and include discounts, they remain above domestic spot prices and less attractive to blenders who have flexibility in sourcing their Group III base oils.
Posted prices for Group III 4cst base oils at the end of November are around $7.00-9.50/USG ($2,200-3,000/t)less discounts.
There is also downward pressure on US Group III prices as blenders are cutting prices on downstream full-synthetic lubricants. Blenders are working to maximize market share into those lubricants because of expectations that long-term growth is higher than for conventional lubricants.
Group III global supplies are long for all grades because of weaker-than-expected demand in China and increased output in the country.
This is pushing several major sellers in South Korea to export surplus volumes into the lower-priced India market.
Demand for Group III in Europe is also weaker on broad economic factors and ample inventories.
Spot prices for US Group III 6cst and 8cst grades are at their lowest since March 2021, at $4.13/USG ($1,326/t) and $4.11/USG ($1,294.50/t) respectively. Demand for those grades is weaker than for Group III 4cst.

