24/03/26
Battery metals mining faces diesel disruption
London, 24 March (Argus) — The Middle East energy and fuel crisis could place
immediate pressure on battery metals mining, particularly where operations rely
heavily on diesel for haulage, transport and on-site activity. But the effects
would not be uniform across the supply chain. While upstream mining is most
directly exposed to fuel availability and price shocks, logistics could affect
the entire supply chain if primary production goes off line. Some mining
operations in southern Africa, Australia and southeast Asia may be affected by
diesel shortages and price increases, early assessments suggest. At least four
refineries in the Mideast Gulf have some units closed, even as a precaution,
following missile or drone attacks. But those that remain on line are mostly
finding it impossible to export their products through the strait of Hormuz. The
Mideast Gulf exported 53mn t of diesel and related gasoil products in 2025,
according to Vortexa ship tracking, representing around 13pc of global
shipments. Only two tankers carrying non-Iranian clean oil products have
navigated the strait of Hormuz in the past couple of days . Ports in South
Africa and Tanzania had around two months' worth of diesel in stock that is now
moving towards the interior of Africa, a source at a copper/cobalt mining
company in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) told Argus on 12 March.
Some mining operations may be forced to reduce fuel consumption by mid-April if
the strait of Hormuz does not open soon. Two other logistics companies in Zambia
warned of fuel shortages — truckers will be in "limbo" from the first week in
April, a source said. Zambia is a key route between the copperbelt and some of
the ports on the east coast of South Africa, including Durban, which handles
large volumes of copper and cobalt. Most copper/cobalt belt producers use diesel
for logistics, open pit haulage and in some cases to power dense media
separation machines that concentrate ore, and various other mine site
activities. Around 80pc of the DRC's power comes from hydro-electricity,
according to the IEA, although diesel generators are used in areas with limited
connectivity and as a back-up. Much of this diesel comes through the eastern
ports of Dar Es Salaam, Durban and Beira, which have so far experienced limited
direct disruption to operations as a result of the US-Iran war. But if shipping
continues to be disrupted in the Middle East, these key ports could become
extremely crowded as vessels seek alternative stopping points for
Asia-Europe-Africa trade. "They could be refuelling destinations or
trans-shipping routes if the Red Sea closes," a trader said. Australia's acute
exposure The Australian government has already lowered fuel standards in
preparation for supply chain issues and there have been localised shortages at
gas stations, mainly because of short-term panic-buying. But Australia is
exposed to shortages as it sources most of its diesel from Asia, which gets it
from the Middle East. Six fuel shipments to Australia were cancelled last week
and government ministers warned that supply in the second half of April is
uncertain. Australia's oil reserves were at 49 days last week, the IEA said, the
lowest among member states. Hard-rock lithium mining in Australia is likely to
face fuel pressures, particularly at the mine and concentrator level. Chinese
market participants have already expressed concern to Argus over spodumene
supply from April. Some of the largest lithium operations in the world, such as
Greenbushes, Pilgangoora and Mt Marion, rely heavily on diesel for haulage,
drilling and remote-site logistics, while electricity is primarily used for
crushing, grinding and concentration. This makes upstream spodumene production
one of the most directly exposed parts of the battery supply chain to a
sustained fuel shock. While most large operators have fuel procurement
strategies in place, sustained disruption to global diesel supply or sharp price
increases could raise marginal production costs and put pressure on higher-cost
producers. Indonesia nickel partially insulated Indonesia's nickel processing
sector has a different exposure to the crisis, with greater threats to
fertilisers like sulphur and sulphuric acid . High-pressure acid leach and
nickel pig iron operations depend heavily on electricity, but much of this power
is supplied by captive coal-fired plants located near the sites, rather than
imported gas. This may provide some insulation from immediate gas supply
disruptions. But the sector is not immune. Diesel is still required for mining
and internal logistics, while broader energy market disruption could affect
input costs and shipping. By Thomas Kavanagh Send comments and request more
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