19/12/25
Viewpoint: Indonesia’s MHP surge to hit nickel prices
Singapore, 19 December (Argus) — Indonesia is likely to expand its
mixed-hydroxide-precipitate (MHP) plant capacity further in 2026, supported by
record-high cobalt prices and strong production economics, a move that could
deepen nickel oversupply and weigh on prices. Current output Indonesia's MHP
output is projected to reach 482,000t in nickel metal equivalent this year —
almost a 50pc rise from 2024, according to Argus estimates. Argus -assessed 37pc
nickel payable MHP prices have fallen by 2.6pc on the year to $127.40/metric
tonne unit (mtu) so far in 2025, while Class 1 nickel prices have dipped from
$17,000/t to around $15,350/t over the same period. Nickel prices will likely
remain depressed in the low-$15,000s/t range in 2026 because supply expansion is
outpacing demand growth. Demand has slowed as the electric vehicle (EV) market
growth has cooled in recent years, with annual growth in global EV car sales
slowing from 26pc in 2024 to 23pc in 2025. Nickel demand growth could also face
further headwinds from increasing competition from other battery types such as
nickel-free lithium-iron-phosphate and high-manganese chemistries. This could
increase the nickel surplus, further weighing down on overall nickel prices.
Indonesia has consolidated its position as the leading global MHP supplier after
most Western plants halted operations in late 2023. The country currently hosts
around 10 operating MHP projects with a combined designed capacity of about
440,000 t/yr of nickel. Most projects are owned by Chinese giants Ningbo Lygend,
Green Eco-Manufacture (GEM), and Huayou, in collaboration with local producers
Merdeka, Harita Nickel, and PT Vale Indonesia (PTVI). MHP capacity expansion
More MHP projects are expected in the near-term, bolstered by elevated cobalt
prices, as MHP typically contains 2-5pc of cobalt. Refineries have been seeking
cobalt alternatives because of constrained supply following export restrictions
imposed by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since February. Indonesia's
cobalt feedstock capacity is projected to hit around 65,000 t/yr in 2026, while
global cobalt supply is expected to hit 210,000t over the same period, according
to Argus data. The lucrativeness of MHP in comparison with other nickel
products, such as nickel pig iron (NPI), is another driver for investment. MHP
production cost: $10,500–11,000/t (December estimate) Processing cost to convert
MHP into nickel metal: $3,000–3,500/t Total cost for MHP to nickel metal:
$13,500–14,500/t NPI to nickel metal cost: $14,000–14,500/t Additionally, cobalt
by-product sales (around $2,000/t) help offset MHP production costs, effectively
reducing net costs to $11,500–12,500/t, making MHP more lucrative than NPI.
Outlook Concerns are mounting that rapid expansion of Indonesia's MHP capacity
will further pressure on nickel prices. Argus forecasts Indonesia's MHP capacity
to nearly double on the year to 862,000 t/yr in 2026, as several HPAL projects
are scheduled to be commissioned in 2026. While not all capacity will translate
into production, any additional output will add to an already oversupplied
market, intensifying the glut. The overall nickel surplus is estimated at
212,000t in 2025 and is projected to reach 288,000t in 2026, according to Argus
data. Indonesia has tightened its efforts to regulate nickel pricing and
oversupply this year, reverting the validity period for RKAB mining quotas to
one year. The government also suspended some nickel mines due to a lack of
reclamation and post-mining guarantees, while lands were seized from Weda Bay
Nickel and Tonia Mitra Sejahtera for lacking forestry permits. These policy
changes have yet to significantly impact nickel prices, but remain critical
factors that could disrupt supply and influence the price outlook. Send comments
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