Global LNG fleet to be well supplied in 2025-27

Spanish Market: Freight, Natural gas
23/10/24

The global LNG fleet looks likely to be well supplied in 2025-27, as the addition of new LNG carriers is expected to outpace loading demand from new liquefaction capacity.

Some 251 newbuild carriers are due to be delivered in 2025-27, according to data from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). But loading demand from 124mn t/yr of new liquefaction capacity over the same period may only require 171 additional carriers (see graphs and projects table).

This scenario assumes 160,000m³ loadings and a 17 knot sailing speed(see scenario table). This scenario does not include loading demand from Nigeria LNG's 8mn t/yr seventh train at the 22mn t/yr Bonny terminal, as feedgas at present is lower than loading demand from the terminal's present liquefaction capacity, or loading demand or vessel additions linked to Russia's 19.8mn t/yr Arctic LNG 2 project, which has been placed under US sanctions. This scenario also assumes no Suez or Panama canal voyages.

Should deliveries from the US Gulf to northeast Asia via the Cape of Good Hope rise to 50pc of loadings from the new liquefaction capacity instead of the assumed 33pc, then loading demand could rise by a further 20 carriers.

And if each carrier had an average of five days of additional idle time between round trips, then loading demand could rise by a further 23 carriers.

If both of the above scenarios turned out to be the case, and all newbuild carriers were delivered on time, then newbuild additions would still be more than sufficient to cover loading demand from new liquefaction capacity. And in the past few years, new LNG terminals have faced greater delays than new LNG carrier deliveries, suggesting scope for an even better supplied fleet in the coming years should this trend continue.

The projections follow a well-supplied past year for the global LNG fleet, with 53 carriers delivered over the past 12 months, compared with new liquefaction capacity over the same period requiring a loading demand of around 6-7 LNG carriers. Charter rates have fallen to record lows this month, in large part because of newbuild additions outpacing loading demand from new facilities.

Running out of steam

The retiring of older steam turbine LNG carriers could limit growth in the global fleet, especially if owners are unable to secure ample employment to cover costs in a market with greater two-stroke and tri-fuel diesel-electric (TFDE) carrier availability.

Some 86 carriers that are at least 20 years old are in operation, according to shipping data from Equasis. Scrappage of older carriers has been in the single digits in recent years, but could rise in the coming years, market participants have said.

Many older carriers have been under long-term charters that are nearing expiry, and could be up for retirement upon the end of the charters. And carriers typically have maintenance around every five years that requires drydocking, which can be costly for shipowners against a prospect of potentially lower charter returns.

An increased number of emissions-based shipping policies from the IMO and the EU, such as the FuelEU regulations starting in 2025, will add to the need for more modern and efficient LNG carriers, further weighing on demand for older steam turbine carriers.

But the prospect of a tighter freight market after 2027, as more liquefaction capacity is due to come on line against an expected relative slowdown in carrier deliveries, could push some owners to keep hold of older carriers in the expectation of future employment, even if they are unable to fix their carriers in the short term.

By Martin Senior

2025-27 liquefaction capacity additions			mn t/yr
Project	Capactiy	First exports	Loading demand*

Plaquemines LNG	20.0	Dec-2024	33.8
Corpus Christi stage 3	11.4	Jan-2025	19.4
Tortue	2.3	Feb-2025	1.1
LNG Canada	14.0	Apr-2025	13.3
Golden Pass LNG	18.1	Dec-2025	30.6
Congo LNG (2nd Phase)	2.4	Dec-2025	3.5
Qatar NFE expansion	32.0	Feb-2026	34.1
Energia Costa Azul	3.2	Mar-2026	3.8
Atlamira onshore	1.4	Dec-2026	2.4
Hilli FLNG	2.4	Feb-2027	4.6
PFLNG3	2.0	Jun-2027	0.8
Port Arthur T1	6.8	Jun-2027	11.4
Rio Grande T1	5.8	Sep-2027	9.9
Woodfibre LNG	2.1	Sep-2027	1.8
Total	124.0		170.5
— Argus
* Number of vessels needed to serve loading demand from the terminal

Delivery scenario assumptions			pc deliveries
	NE Asia	NW India	NW Europe

US Gulf	33	0	67
Pacific Canada	100	0	0
Pacific Mexico	100	0	0
Qatar	60	20	20
Congo	50	0	50
Senegal/Mauritania	0	0	100
Argentina	50	0	50
Malaysia	100	0	0
— Argus
*all inter-basin voyages via Cape of Good Hope

LNG carriers on order

Loading demand from new capacity vs newbuild additions

Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

09/12/24

Shale M&A to pick up pace in 2025 after hitting pause

New York, 9 December (Argus) — A slowdown in shale deals in recent months is set to be reversed next year, helped in part by speculation that oil and gas mergers will have an easier time getting anti-trust approval under president-elect Donald Trump. The $12bn in upstream deals recorded in the third quarter was the lowest tally since the first three months of 2023, just before a record-breaking streak that reshaped the shale landscape and was dominated by blockbuster transactions involving ExxonMobil and Chevron. While buyers have been focused on winning approval from a zealous regulator and pushing deals over the finish line, attention is turning to the billions of dollars of unwanted assets they are likely to want to offload, with companies from ExxonMobil to Occidental Petroleum already active on this front. "You do one of these mega-mergers and now you have to pay for it," law firm Hogan Lovells partner Niki Roberts says. "You pay for it by selling off all the stuff you didn't really want to begin with." One potential upside from the Trump administration may be less attention from the Federal Trade Commission, which has paid closer scrutiny to oil deals in recent months as it cracks down on anti-competitive behaviour. Tie-ups have been delayed while the regulator has sought more details, and two high-profile oil executives were barred from the boards of their acquirers as a condition of approving deals. "The antitrust regulators have been viewed by particularly the traditional oil and gas industry of late as not being friendly to that industry," law firm Sidley global leader of energy, transport and infrastructure Cliff Vrielink says. "You're going to see less resistance to consolidation and you're going to see more people pursuing those opportunities." Oil market volatility has hampered mergers and acquisitions in the past, but observers say price swings are less of a factor these days. And more deals are needed to help companies boost their inventory of drilling locations for as long as cash flow remains king and growing through the drillbit is challenged. Lower interest rates, controlled inflation and regulatory reforms all point to a "robust" M&A market, Sidley partner Stephen Boone says. The majority of deal-making has been focused on oil in recent years, but natural gas is "having a bit of a moment", aided by the surge in demand from a boom in energy-hungry US data centres that are developing and supporting artificial intelligence, Boone says. Privates on parade Private equity is also making a gradual comeback, with teams looking to deploy fresh capital in oil and gas. Quantum Capital Group raised over $10bn in October and EnCap Investments has reloaded with about $6.4bn. "We are just now getting back to pre-pandemic levels of commitment," Boone says. "That bodes towards probably more private equity involvement in the oil and gas space." Fierce competition to get a foothold in the prized Permian basin of west Texas and southeastern New Mexico has sent valuations soaring, and prompted some would-be buyers to look further afield to plays such as the Uinta in Utah and North Dakota's Bakken. "The Permian stays of interest to many because of its consistent returns, but the Permian is a crowded place right now, and so I do think we'll see development of other basins," Roberts says. "But it's all going to depend on price." Close to $300bn in upstream deals were signed in the US over the past two years and this has whittled down the list of remaining targets. But the largest producers may not be done when it comes to seeking out potential acquisitions. "We don't stop looking," ConocoPhillips vice-president and treasurer Konnie Haynes-Welsh told the Rice Energy Finance Summit on 15 November. "We're always looking to be opportunistic." By Stephen Cunningham Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Atlantic LNG: US fob prices edge lower

06/12/24

Atlantic LNG: US fob prices edge lower

London, 6 December (Argus) — Fob LNG prices for loadings in the US Gulf coast slipped on Friday, adding to losses posted over Wednesday-Thursday to end the week lower. The Argus Gulf Coast (AGC) January fob price fell to $13.81/mn Btu, from $13.90/mn Btu a day earlier, and $14.16/mn Btu at the end of last week, following similar losses in European delivered markets. But the price continued to track European des prices, as the inter-basin arbitrage for US January loadings held shut with European markets holding at a discount to Asia that was too tight to cover the additional spot freight costs — which have been buoyed by a recent small rise in prompt spot charter rates over this week. The ARV3 prompt rate for US-northeast Asia by tri-fuel diesel-electric (TFDE) carriers was assessed at $14,000/d on Friday, up from $12,000/d a week earlier, while the corresponding ARV6 two-stroke rate rose to $28,500/d on Friday from $24,000/d. US LNG production this week has been steady at six of the country's operational liquefaction terminals. But Texas' 17.3mn t/yr Freeport LNG export terminal experienced a trip at its first of three liquefaction trains on 4 December, because of an unspecified issue at a compressor system, according to a state regulatory filing by the facility. That said, the terminal's feedgas receipts quickly rebounded a day later to reach 2.02bn ft³ over the day — the most received by the terminal since 13 November. Freeport was nominated to take 2.12bn ft³ on Friday, though the terminal has historically taken less at times than it has initially nominated to receive. Even with one day of downtime at a single train this week, Freeport's gas receipts were still greater than during the previous week, when deliveries over the opening three days of the week were also at levels suggesting one train of off line. Deliveries to the planned 27.2mn t/yr Plaquemines terminal — set to be the US' eighth liquefaction terminal — have held at low levels, suggesting that the facility may still be only receiving enough gas to meet its on-site needs rather than fully starting liquefaction operations. The 174,000m³ Venture Bayou remained at the facility on Friday, where it has been since mid-November. Plaquemines received a cool-down cargo in late September, for which it has regulatory approval to re-export, as well as a further two cool-down cargoes that have not been delivered to the facility. Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Republicans weigh two-step plan on energy, taxes

06/12/24

Republicans weigh two-step plan on energy, taxes

Washington, 6 December (Argus) — Republicans in the US Congress are considering trying to pass president-elect Donald Trump's legislative agenda by voting first on a filibuster-proof budget package that revises energy policy, then taking up a separate tax cut bill later in 2025. The two-part strategy, floated by incoming US Senate majority leader John Thune (R-South Dakota), could deliver Trump an early win by putting immigration, border security and energy policy changes into a single budget bill that could pass early next year without Democratic support. Republicans would then have more time to debate a separate — and likely more complex — budget package that would focus on extending a tax package expected to cost more than $4 trillion over 10 years. The legislative strategy is a "possibility" floated among Senate Republicans for achieving Trump's legislative goals on "energy dominance," the border, national security and extending tax cuts, Thune said in an interview with Fox News this week. Thune said he was still having conversations with House Republicans and Trump's team on what strategy to pursue. Republicans plan to use a process called budget reconciliation to advance most of Trump's legislative goals, which would avoid a Democratic filibuster but restrict the scope of policy changes to those that directly affect the budget. But some Republicans worry the potential two-part strategy could fracture the caucus and cause some key policies getting dropped, spurring a debate among Republicans over how to move forward. "We have a menu of options in front of us," US House speaker Mike Johnson (R-Louisiana) said this week in an interview with Fox News. "Leader Thune and I were talking as recently as within the last hour about the priority of how we do it and in what sequence." Republicans have yet to decide what changes they will make to the Inflation Reduction Act, which includes hundreds of billions of dollars of tax credits for wind, solar, electric vehicles, battery manufacturing, carbon capture and clean hydrogen. A group of 18 House Republicans in August said they opposed a "full repeal" of the 2022 law. Republicans next year will start with only a 220-215 majority in the House, which will then drop to 217-215 once two Republicans join the Trump administration and representative Matt Gaetz (R-Florida) resigns. By Chris Knight Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

US House panel approves river infrastructure bill

06/12/24

US House panel approves river infrastructure bill

Houston, 6 December (Argus) — A US House of Representatives committee has approved a bipartisan bill that authorizes improvements to navigation channels by the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and maintenance and dredging of river and port infrastructure projects. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee advanced the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) after several months of political wrangling to integrate earlier versions of the legislation approved by the House and Senate . The bill will head to the full House next week, said committee chairman Sam Graves (R-Missouri). This would be the sixth consecutive bipartisan WRDA bill since 2014 if passed by congress. WRDA is a biennial bill that authorizes the Corps to continue working on projects to improve waterways, including port updates, flood protection and supply chain management. WRDA will also "reduce cumbersome red tape", which will allow for quicker project turnarounds, Graves said. The bill authorizes processes to streamline work, he said. The bill also adjusts the primary cost-sharing mechanism for funding for lock and dam construction and major rehabilitation projects. The US Treasury Department's general fund will pay 75pc of costs, up from 65pc, with the rest coming from the Inland Waterways Trust Fund, which is funded by a barge diesel fuel tax. By Meghan Yoyotte Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Shell, Equinor to create biggest UK producer: Update

05/12/24

Shell, Equinor to create biggest UK producer: Update

adds details throughout London, 5 December (Argus) — Shell and Norway's state-controlled Equinor plan to combine their UK upstream businesses into a joint venture to create the UK North Sea's largest oil and gas producer. The new business will produce more than 140,000 b/d of oil equivalent (boe/d) from 2025, the companies said. Bank analysts reckon growth projects will enable production to eventually increase beyond 200,000 boe/d. It marks the latest deal in a wave of consolidation in the the UK sector of the North Sea, including Italian firm Eni's deal earlier this year to merge its UK upstream assets with those of independent producer Ithaca Energy and UK company Harbour Energy's tie-up with Germany's Wintershall Dea last year . Shell and Equinor are following a similar 50:50 ownership structure and self-financing model that BP and Italy's Eni employed in Angola when they combined their offshore assets there to create Azule Energy in 2022 . The Shell-Equinor joint venture's assets will include Equinor's stakes in the Mariner and Buzzard fields, alongside Shell's interests in Shearwater, Penguins, Gannet, Nelson, Pierce, Jackdaw, Victory, Clair and Schiehallion projects. A consequence of the deal is that Shell, having walked away from Ithaca's contentious Cambo oil project in the UK's west of Shetlands area last year, will now be exposed to Equinor's equally controversial 300mn bl Rosebank project , which is currently under judicial review . If Rosebank goes ahead, it is likely to be the largest growth driver of the new company with around 70,000 boe/d of production from 2027. Although Shell's assets will contribute a greater share of the joint venture's production to begin with, Equinor's assets have greater growth potential. Through the new entity, Shell will also benefit from Equinor UK's £6bn ($7.6bn) of tax losses. "Equinor's higher UK tax loss position and growth potential offsets the higher current production in Shell's UK portfolio, hence the 50:50 split in ownership of the new company," Barclays analysts wrote in a note. The deal does not include Equinor's assets that straddle the UK's maritime border with Norway — Utgard, Barnacle and Statfjord. Equinor will also retain ownership of its UK offshore wind portfolio, as well as other low-carbon and gas storage assets. Shell will retain ownership of its interests in Scotland's Fife NGL plant and St Fergus Gas Terminal, as well as floating wind projects under development. It will also remain the technical developer of the Acorn carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Scotland. By Jon Mainwaring Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more