Mexico's trade surplus widens in Nov

Spanish Market: Agriculture, Chemicals, Crude oil, Metals, Oil products
23/12/25

Mexico's trade surplus widened slightly in November from the previous month, despite sharp declines in both exports and imports in the non-oil category.

Mexico posted a $663mn trade surplus in November, statistics agency Inegi said, up from a $606mn surplus in October, though on lower overall trade volumes. Total exports reached $56.4bn, while imports stood at $55.7bn, compared with $66.1bn and $65.5bn, respectively, in October. The result contrasted with the $391mn deficit forecast by Mexican bank Banorte.

Inegi attributed the wider surplus to an increase in the non-oil trade surplus to $2.84bn in November from $2.74bn in October, alongside a widening of the oil trade deficit to $2.18bn from $2.13bn.

Within non-oil trade, manufacturing exports fell by 16pc to $52.1bn in November from the prior month, while automotive exports declined by 2.2pc to $15.8bn, following a 4.8pc increase in October. The US absorbed 79pc of Mexico's light vehicle exports from January-November, with Mexico supplying 17pc of total US auto imports over the 11-month period, according to Mexican auto industry association AMDA.

The "others" component of non-oil manufacturing exports dropped by 20pc to $36.3bn in November, nearly erasing October's 23pc gain to $45.5bn.

The cumulative impact of US tariffs on Mexican goods is becoming clearer. Mexican bank Banco Base estimates the US levied an effective 4.69pc tariff on Mexican goods through September — below the 25pc blanket rate due to exemptions for goods complying with the USMCA free trade agreement.

"The low tariffs have allowed Mexican exports to continue growing, particularly computer equipment, which rose by 83.39pc year to date through September compared with the same period in 2024, with a tariff of just 0.17pc," the bank said. Those "contrast sharply with passenger cars, which face a 15.29pc tariff," which maintain expectations of 7pc annual export growth in 2025, according to the bank.

Agricultural exports rose by 3.8pc to $1.4bn in November after increases of 7.2pc in October and 4.1pc in September.

Oil-related exports totaled $1.55bn in November, down from $1.82bn in October, including $1.03bn in crude and $514mn in refined products on lower prices and volumes.

Mexico's crude export basket averaged $57.66/bl, down by $0.84/bl from October and $8.09/bl lower compared with a year earlier. Crude export volumes fell to 597,000 b/d in November from 717,000 b/d in October, remaining well below the 1.088mn b/d exported in November 2024.

By James Young

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23/12/25

Viewpoint: Canadian heavy TMX crude to grow into Asia

Houston, 23 December (Argus) — Heavy sour Canadian crude exports are likely to expand further into the Asia-Pacific market in 2026 as Canadian output increases and US west coast refinery closures weaken US demand. Around two-thirds of all Canadian crude exports from the 890,000 b/d Trans Mountain pipeline system were destined to Asia-Pacific year-to-date November 2025, with the balance heading to the US west coast. Just over three-quarters of the 375,000 b/d of Canadian heavy crude exports from Vancouver were destined to Asia-Pacific year-to-date November 2025, according to data from analytics firms Vortexa and Kpler. The balance out of the Trans Mountain system headed to the US west coast. This is up from a roughly 60/40 split in the second half of 2024 following the 540,000 b/d Trans Mountain Expansion (TMX) startup in May of that year. US west coast customers received 80,000 b/d of heavy sour Canadian crude during the first 11 months of 2025, 25pc less than the second half of 2024. This is despite total heavy exports from Vancouver averaging 27pc higher this year so far. Heavy crude exports are expected to keep growing in 2026 as increased western Canadian production meets limited southbound pipeline capacity to the US. In January 2026, Canadian pipeline operator Enbridge rejected 13pc of heavy and light crude nominations on its 3.1mn b/d Mainline to the US as Alberta production surges in the colder months. But the Trans Mountain system has accepted all crude nominations since TMX came on line in May 2024 and the system has room to export more crude. Trans Mountain reported that the pipeline ran at 87pc capacity in the third quarter of 2025 . Canadian crude and condensate production is projected to average a record-high of 4.85mn b/d in 2026, 80,000 b/d above 2025 levels, according to Argus Consulting, a division of Argus Media. China thirst for heavy grows Any increase in exports is expected to head towards the Asia-Pacific region, specifically China. Chinese interest in heavy crude is expected to grow next year as refineries bring on line increasingly advanced cracking units to improve petrochemical yields . This increase in petrochemical output will come at the expense of road fuels, as rising electric vehicle use and low construction-sector activity hit Chinese gasoline and diesel demand. Heavy Canadian crude tends to be the most competitively-priced, unsanctioned option for Chinese refiners. Asia-Pacific buyers more generally have sought Canadian heavy crude as a substitute for restrained supplies of heavy sour Venezuelan Merey and Arab Heavy. Saudi Arabia's state-owned Saudi Aramco may be keeping more heavy crude for refining, while market confidence in Merey supply is weak following a US seizure of an oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela on 10 December and the US declaring a blockage on Venezuela exports on 16 December. Meanwhile, shipments of Arab Heavy have dropped by 280,000 b/d to around 560,000 b/d this year, according to Vortexa data. As Asia-Pacific interest in Canadian crude continues to grow, US west coast demand will continue to fall. On the heels of Phillips 66 closing its 139,000 b/d Los Angeles, California, refinery, Valero is likely to shutter its 145,000 b/d Benicia refinery near San Francisco in April 2026. Valero is evaluating alternatives for its 85,000 b/d Wilmington refinery in Los Angeles. At the start of 2025, these three refineries made up 23pc of Californian refinery capacity, and combined took 30,000 b/d of Cold Lake during January-June 2025, according to EIA data. As available Canadian crude supplies grow, the ability to fully load Aframax vessels at the Westridge Marine Terminal in British Colombia will allow increased volumes to be exported. Dredging at the terminal is set to be completed by late 2026 or early 2027. Draft restrictions limit most Aframax vessels to around 550,000 bl at the terminal for heavy crude, and 600,000 bl for some lighter crudes. Post-dredging, those same ships could carry around 700,000-750,000 bl. In the long term, Trans Mountain is looking to boost pipeline flows to meet the increased shipping capacity, including the use of drag-reducing agents that should add another 85,000-90,000 b/d by 2027 to pipeline capacity, according to Trans Mountain. By John Cordner Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

UK refiners seek unused CO2 allowances after closures

23/12/25

UK refiners seek unused CO2 allowances after closures

London, 23 December (Argus) — UK downstream association Fuels Industry UK has urged the government to reallocate unused free CO2 allowances from two recently closed refineries to help remaining plants cope with rising emissions compliance costs. The group wants allowances granted under the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) for the 150,000 b/d Grangemouth and 105,700 b/d Lindsey refineries to be redistributed. Each allowance permits the holder to emit one tonne of CO2 equivalent. Grangemouth and Lindsey were allocated 441,925 and 541,475 allowances for 2025, respectively. It is unclear how many remain after their closures in April and August. The association warned the sector "may not survive that long" without temporary support, citing carbon costs that exceed those faced by overseas competitors until the UK's carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) takes effect. ExxonMobil's 270,000 b/d Fawley refinery — the UK's largest — will spend $70mn-80mn on carbon costs this year, rising to $150mn within five years, the company's UK chair Paul Greenwood told MPs during an Energy Security and Net Zero Committee hearing in October. Fuels Industry UK chief executive Elizabeth de Jong also addressed the committee, highlighting broader cost pressures. It remains unclear whether refined fuels will be covered by the UK CBAM, which starts in January 2027. Fuels Industry UK is seeking confirmation that they be included from January 2028, and it wants additional free UK ETS allowances distributed to sectors not covered by CBAM during a "volatile" period linked to expected UK-EU carbon market linkage. Such linkage would exempt UK and EU from each other's CBAMs, but talks have yet to start. UK refiners have also missed out on government energy price support schemes during the gas price surge triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, de Jong told MPs. Refiners paid market rates to power operations at their UK sites, missing out on discounts afforded to UK companies under the Energy Bill Relief Scheme, which ran between October 2022-March 2023, and then under the Energy Bills Discount Scheme between April 2023-March 2024. By contrast, US refiners access natural gas at roughly one-third of UK prices, Greenwood said. By George Maher-Bonnett Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: EU safeguards may shift FeSi, Si demand

23/12/25

Viewpoint: EU safeguards may shift FeSi, Si demand

London, 23 December (Argus) — New European Commission safeguard measures will support ferro-silicon prices in 2026, but they will also drive increased substitution of the alloy with silicon metal. The commission imposed safeguard measures on manganese alloys, ferro-silicon and ferro-silico-magnesium on 18 November. The safeguard measures comprise tariff-rate quotas and out-of-quota variable duties. Imports in excess of the quota are subject to an out-of-quota variable duty that is the difference between the established price threshold and the actual import price. The commission has imposed an established price threshold of $2,408/t on ferro-silicon. This is more than double the average Argus assessment of $1,371/t ddp NWE as of 12 December. Market gains clarity after a tumultuous 2025 The safeguard investigation that led to the implementation of safeguards drove several extreme spikes in volatility in the ferro-silicon market over the course of 2025. Rare updates on the safeguard process, sudden bursts of speculation and delays led to periods with sharp surges in imports and transactions and then periods with almost no liquidity, as market participants waited for news from the commission. As a result, ferro-silicon prices were volatile across the year, with buyers and sellers alike unsure how to react. Market participants, particularly trading firms, bemoaned their inability to carry out advanced planning. Prices rose in the first quarter, as market participants stocked up on third-country material in expectation of an announcement from the commission by April. When no outcome was announced, prices decreased from March-June. Prices rose sharply in late July and early August because of speculation that the announcement was forthcoming, and then plummeted again for September, October and much of November. Safeguards to drive higher prices, volatility in 2026 After the announcement of the new measures on 18 November, prices jumped by almost $300/t and have since remained at around and slightly above $1,500/t. Most market participants expect prices to stay at current levels or higher in the coming year. But continued volatility is expected. The new quota system, which renews every three months, is expected to result in altered purchasing habits as material enters the European market in bursts after the quotas renew. In this first three months of the safeguard measures, many of the quotas have been utilised more slowly than market participants expected. Some are still not full. But that has been attributed in part to hesitation from importers to try out the new system and in part due to low demand from end-users, which stocked up ahead of 18 November and are not buying in large quantities at present. One steel producer continues to refrain from buying and has been holding off since before the safeguards took effect, a senior executive at the company told Argus . Many market participants expect a more rapid utilisation of the available quotas in the first and second quarters of 2026, as industry players adapt to the new dynamics and consumers work through much of their existing stocks. Significant quantities of ferro-silicon are expected to enter Europe over the days that immediately follow the start of each new period. For consumers and importers, supply chain management has become significantly more complex and requires newly advanced planning. Importers now have more customs exposure, increasing their risk. Silicon substitution may increase Silicon metal can be substituted for ferro-silicon in many steel applications, although the deoxidisation provided by ferro-silicon cannot be completely replicated using silicon metal and iron powder. Silicon metal has not been included in the safeguards, despite a strong desire for it to be subject to the measures from many ferro-alloy producers. Euroalliages, the main ferro-alloys industry association, [sought]( https://metals.argusmedia.com/newsandanalysis/article/2752028) the inclusion of safeguards in the initial measures. And major European ferro-alloys producer Ferroglobe continues to call for protectionist measures on silicon. But with silicon currently not subject to any such measures, consumers are likely to purchase silicon in place of ferro-silicon when it makes sense to do so on cost. Substitution is already taking place. Multiple large tenders after the implementation of safeguards went to silicon metal rather than ferro-silicon, a ferro-silicon producer told Argus . "As a manufacturer, we see it as an inconvenience that the customer gets used to using alternative products, and we are trying to avoid that by not pushing very high prices," the producer said. The substitution possibility is likely to put a ceiling on ferro-silicon prices below that of the minimum import price in 2026. If out-of-quota material is too expensive, consumers will turn to silicon metal, reducing demand for ferro-silicon and holding prices lower. "Price dynamics will be following silicon metal instead of market supply and demand. It will be silicon metal substitution that will be the price setter, and that is far below the ferro-silicon market," the producer said. But there is ongoing speculation that anti-dumping procedures for silicon metal are being prepared by the commission. If implemented, silicon metal would be more expensive than ferro-silicon from certain origins, which would reduce the substitution effect and support higher ferro-silicon prices. By Maeve Flaherty Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

TKW-Frachtkosten steigen 2026

23/12/25

TKW-Frachtkosten steigen 2026

Hamburg, 23 December (Argus) — Die Kosten für den Transport von Heizöl, Diesel und Benzin per Tankkraftwagen steigen im kommenden Jahr vielerorts an. Dies ist primär auf höhere Dieselkosten infolge der steigenden CO2-Bepreisung und THG-Erfüllungskosten zurückzuführen. Auch ein stetiger Anstieg der Lohnkosten sowie Investitionen in die Flottendekarbonisierung treiben die Kosten weiter. Anbieter handeln Diesel für Januar bundesweit derzeit mit einem Aufschlag in Höhe von etwa 10 €/100l bis 13 €/100l gegenüber Dezemberware. Der Grund hierfür ist der Anstieg der CO2- und THG-Kosten im neuen Jahr. Viele Transportverträge enthalten sogenannte Floater-Klauseln, die Preisänderungen beim Kraftstoff automatisch auf die vereinbarten Frachtkosten übertragen. Somit geben Spediteure Mehrkosten durch steigende Kraftstoffpreise in der Regel an ihre Kunden weiter. Um welchen Betrag die Frachtkosten tatsächlich ansteigen werden ist aber noch unklar, denn neben dem höheren Dieselpreis belasten unter anderem auch steigende Personalkosten die Branche. Der Fahrermangel setzt sich fort und wird aktuell durch Krankheitsausfälle sowie die laufende Urlaubszeit zusätzlich verstärkt. Spediteure berichten zudem, dass die Nachwuchssuche zunehmend schwierig wird. Viele Beschäftigte werden in den kommenden Jahren in den Ruhestand gehen. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, erhöhen Speditionsunternehmen Löhne oder werben verstärkt Personal im Ausland an — Maßnahmen, die ebenfalls kostentreibend wirken. Auch Investitionen in die Dekarbonisierung der Flotten wirken sich auf die Kostenstrukturen aus. Die Anschaffung emissionsärmerer Fahrzeuge sowie zusätzliche technische Anforderungen und Dokumentationspflichten führen zu höheren Grundkosten, die in den Frachtraten berücksichtigt werden müssen. Einige Händler berichten jedoch, dass ein Anstieg ihrer Frachtkosten im kommenden Jahr bislang noch ausbleibt. Dies führen sie auf bestehende Vertragsstrukturen zurück. So verfügen manche Spediteure über längerfristige Vereinbarungen, teilweise mit Laufzeiten von mehreren Jahren, wodurch kurzfristige Kostensteigerungen zunächst abgefedert werden. Von Marcel Pott Senden Sie Kommentare und fordern Sie weitere Informationen an feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Viewpoint: Brazil poised for record soy output, exports

23/12/25

Viewpoint: Brazil poised for record soy output, exports

Sao Paulo, 23 December (Argus) — Brazil expects to produce and export record soybean volumes in the 2025-26 season, despite concerns over adverse weather and uncertainties regarding prices and Chinese demand. National supply company Conab estimates production will reach a record 177.1mn metric tonnes (t), although some market participants foresee output surpassing 180mn t. The 2024-25 soybean crop reached an all-time high of 171.5mn t, according to Conab. Yearly volume gains follow another season of acreage expansion, which has been a trend since the 2007-08 crop. Planted area may climb by 3.4pc this season to 48.9mn hectares (489,000km²), Conab data show. That surpasses market participants' expectations for the lowest increase in almost 20 years, with rising production costs and difficult access to credit lines for farmers. Despite these challenges, producers opted to continue increasing investments in the oilseed. Soybeans are their main revenue source, supported by firm demand from China. Brazilian exports should total an unprecedented 112mn t in 2026. That compares with the current record of 107mn t from 2025, according to Conab The US Department of Agriculture forecasts Chinese imports to rise by 4mn t to 112mn t in the 2025-26 season from the prior cycle. China has acquired at least 70pc of Brazil's soybean exports each year since 2020, according to national association of cereal exporters Anec. If China maintains a minimum share of 70pc, it would receive approximately 78.4mn t of Brazilian soybeans next year. Market participants remain confident that Brazil should post another strong year for exports, with China maintaining a large share in the Brazilian market over the upcoming years. The overall terms of the US-China deal should not pose any threat to the Brazilian market, according to market participants. China has reportedly pledged to buy 25mn t/yr from the US through 2028, yet volumes ranged from 25.9mn-32.mn t in 2020-2024, GTT and Chinese customs data show. But they fear that China may delay its return to the Brazilian market. That is because late purchases from the US could ensure Chinese buyers have full stocks once Brazil starts its export season in February. China agreed to acquire 12mn t of US soybeans before the Brazilian export season. The absent Chinese demand could lead to a price plunge once harvesting advances, as record volumes become available for the market. Brazil also has a problem with an ever-deficient storage capacity, which could prompt farmers to lower prices as much as possible to attract buyers. Record production is always a factor that pressures prices downwards. The US-China trade war managed to support Brazilian port differentials during the 2024-25 season, which accounts for the current record. But the 2022-23 crop registered record-low prices in the Paranagua paper market. Bids for April — which is usually the export season peak — were at a premium of 21¢/bushel (bu) to the CBOT in early 2023. Consecutive losses led to a 90¢/bu discount as of 31 March 2023. Brazil supply may be lower than expected Market participants worry that unfavorable weather conditions could lower production and export volumes. But the sparse occurrence of these adverse weather episodes is unlikely to be enough to pull volumes below last season's 171.5mn t. Central-western Mato Grosso state takes the spotlight in this matter. Its institute of agricultural economics Imea reported irregular rainfall throughout October. Some regions did not receive rain for 10 consecutive days at the time. Dry weather conditions turned planting unfeasible, because soil moisture is necessary for plant germination. It also hindered crop development in the initial phases. Market participants estimate that the total resown in Mato Grosso will reach approximately 2pc of the expected acreage this season, while the national average is closer to 1pc. A severe drought caused the 2023-24 season's results to fall short of initial estimates and led to a record replanting level of 8pc, according to market participants. Central-western Goias and southern Parana states also registered above-average replanting rates. These are expected to be the second and fourth largest soybean producers this crop, respectively. Goias is struggling with irregular rainfall. Water restrictions are causing resowing in its southern and eastern portions. Parana was hit by heavy rains in early November, which intensified into hailstorms, windstorms, flash floods and an extratropical cyclone. Most affected regions registered soil erosion and complete losses. Rio Grande do Sul state — the second-largest soybean producer — is also facing issues with hydric stress. Some market participants are already saying that there will be cuts in the production outlook. Areas sown after 15 November exhibit uneven growing patterns due to water restriction, according to regional rural agency Emater-RS. By Nathalia Giannetti Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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Mexico's trade surplus widens in Nov

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