06/12/24
Newly agreed EU, Mercosur FTA faces uphill battle
Montevideo, 6 December (Argus) — The EU and South America's Mercosur closed a
free-trade agreement (FTA) nearly 25 years in the making, but there is still a
long road to ratification. Uruguayan president Luis Lacalle and European
Commission president Ursula von der Leyen announced the deal at a Mercosur
summit in Montevideo, the Uruguayan capital. The presidents of the three other
Mercosur founding members — Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay — were present. The
FTA will remove tariffs on more than 90pc of goods among the members. Von der
Leyen called the agreement a historic milestone that would benefit 700mn
consumers. She said the agreement "is not only a trade agreement, but also a
political necessity." Lacalle said "an agreement of this kind is not a magical
solution, but an opportunity." Leaders recognized that the agreement still has
major hurdles to clear as it requires approval from member states. The agreement
will go to legal review and translation in the next month in view of its future
signing, according to the Mercosur-EU declaration. While the Mercosur countries
are in favor of the agreement, opposition is strong in France, Poland and
several smaller EU states. Argentinian president Javier Milei, who supports the
agreement, criticized Mercosur as a block. "Mercosur, which was born with the
idea of deepening our commercial ties, ended up like a prison that does not
allow its members to take advantage of their comparative advantages or export
potential," he said. Van der Leyen said that more than 60,000 businesses, half
of them small, export to Mercosur. The EU exported $59bn to Mercosur in 2023,
while Mercosur's four founding members shipped $57bn to the EU. She also
stressed the importance of EU investment in Mercosur, including in sustainable
mining, renewable energy and sustainable forestry. Brazilian president Luiz Lula
da Silva said during the summit that the region had to take advantage of its
resources, including agriculture and energy. The four Mercosur countries are
major food producers, including crops such as corn, soy and sugarcane, used for
biofuels. Brazil is the world's top soy producer, while Argentina is third,
Paraguay sixth and Uruguay in the 14th spot. Bolivia, which joined Mercosur in
July, is the 10th producer. Brazil is a major mineral producer and Argentina is
slowly beginning to strengthen its mining sector. It has the world's
second-largest lithium resources. Argentina is also beginning to monetize its
unconventional gas formation, Vaca Muerta, the second largest in the world with
308 trillion cf of reserves. It is working on different LNG projects, with a
focus on exports to Europe. The Mercosur countries also have in common plans for
low-carbon hydrogen production, which also see the EU as an export market for
value-added products, such as fertilizers. By Lucien Chauvin Send comments and
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