Opec+ output rises by 360,000 b/d in May

Crude production by Opec+ members with output targets rose by 360,000 b/d last month, driven by Saudi Arabia and South Sudan, Argus estimates.

Output rose to 34.33mn b/d in May, the highest in 15 months and 760,000 b/d above six months ago. But it was still 70,000 b/d below the group's collective target for the month.

Further increases are on the way. Eight Opec+ members — Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Russia, the UAE, Algeria, Oman and Kazakhstan — began unwinding 2.2mn b/d of "voluntary" additional cuts in April with an initial increase of 137,000 b/d. They followed this by tripling the scheduled monthly increases to 411,000 b/d for May, June and July. If they continue at this rate, the group could fully unwind its cuts by October, 11 months earlier than planned.

The decisions to return more oil to an increasingly uncertain market took observers by surprise, particularly given subdued oil prices and the bleak economic outlook driven by US president Donald Trump's tariff policies. The group says the output rises are based on "healthy market fundamentals" and "low oil inventories". But the eight members have also stressed the actual output increases will be partially offset by members that have pledged to compensate for past overproduction. This is now being borne out.

The eight members boosted their combined output by 190,000 b/d in May — less than the 411,000 b/d increase to their collective target for the month. Russia and Iraq are key reasons for the lower output, with both having pledged to compensate for significant past overproduction.

Iraq kept its output flat at 3.94mn b/d — 110,000 b/d below its May target. While this was still 30,000 b/d above the country's target under the latest publicly available compensation plan, it marks a big improvement on previous months. Russia's output also remained unchanged at 8.98mn b/d, 100,000 b/d below its target and 20,000 b/d below its compensation-related target.

The UAE also made considerable compensation effort. The country's output fell by 10,000 b/d to 2.93mn b/d — 70,000 b/d below its compensation-related target. And while Saudi Arabia increased its output by a hefty 140,000 b/d, this was 50,000 b/d below its target for the month. The country is expected to be the main driver of the alliance's output increases in the coming months, particularly given that it does not have any compensation-related cuts to make.

The outlier

Kazakhstan continues to stick out like a sore thumb, with its output still at near-record levels. The country's production rose by 10,000 b/d to 1.83mn b/d in May — 340,000 b/d above its target for the month and a whopping 460,000 b/d above its compensation-related target. Kazakhstan is not expected to make any meaningful production cuts in the coming months.

A large part of the alliance's wider output increase was driven by South Sudan, which resumed exports of Dar Blend in late April. Production of the grade was shut in for more than a year owing to problems affecting the pipeline that carries the crude to war-torn Sudan's Bashayer terminal on the Red Sea. The resumption of flows boosted output to 150,000 b/d in May, the highest since March 2024.

Another notable boost came from Iran which, like Venezuela and Libya, is exempt from output targets. Iran's production rose by 30,000 b/d to 3.42mn b/d — the highest since August 2018, when the country's output began to fall owing to the reimposition of sanctions by Trump during his first term. Venezuela's output fell by 30,000 b/d to 930,000 b/d. Further output falls are around the corner, with the US tightening sanctions on the South American country.

By Aydin Calik