India's steel exporters have sought clarity on tariff-rate quotas under the published India-EU free trade agreement (FTA) text, as concerns grow that allocations for several flat steel products may have been reduced.
The text, under Annex 2-B released on 11 September, grants India annual steel tariff-rate quota access of 1.64mn t in the EU, comprising a most-favoured nation (MFN) quota of 946,616t and a preferential FTA quota of 694,853t. The largest allocations are for flat steel products, including 509,605t for hot-rolled coil (HRC), 218,658t for cold-rolled coil (CRC) and 197,860t for category 4.A metallic-coated sheet.
But under quota allocations published by the EU in June and applicable from 1 July, India's country-specific quotas stood at 597,274t for HRC, 269,974t for CRC and 233,183t for category 4.A metallic coated sheet.
The FTA text has sparked concerns in the Indian steel industry about a reduction in India's quota allocations and their implications on future trade with the EU.
Indian steel market participants noted India's total quota allocation under the FTA text appears about 300,000t lower than the quotas published by the EU in late June. But they are awaiting clarity on when the provisions would take effect and which figures should be considered the final allocation for India before drawing conclusions on the extent of India's market access.
The European Commission in the FTA text said the tariff-rate quotas will "take effect on the date the EU Steel Regulation starts applying". It added that the text follows negotiations concluded on 27 January and remains subject to legal revision before signature and entry into force.
A major Indian mill said the quotas appear to be lower but it was seeking clarification from its EU lawyers.
Some market participants mulled the impact on pro-rata duties and quota usage. If the reduced quotas are applicable, Indian HRC exports may have "massively overshot" tariff-free allocations in the next quarter, potentially incurring higher pro-rata duties than previously estimated, an international trading firm said.
The commission did not immediately respond to Argus' request for clarification.
India shipped over 200,000t of HRC to the EU around August, according to market estimates, against an October-December quota of 149,319t, as stated in the June document. Some volumes are likely to have already spilled over into January clearances, market participants said.
By Amruta Khandekar
| India quotas for key product categories | t | ||||
| Category | Product | MFN quota (under annex) | FTA quota (under annex) | Total quota (under annex) | Total quota (June 2026 allocation) |
| 1.A | HRC | 299,197 | 210,408 | 509,605 | 597,274 |
| 2 | CRC | 125,581 | 93,077 | 218,658 | 269,974 |
| 4.A | Metallic coated sheet | 113,084 | 84,776 | 197,860 | 233,183 |
| 4. B | Metallic coated sheet | 44,627 | 40,529 | 85,157 | 102,044 |
| 5 | Organic coated sheet | 110,919 | 75,119 | 186,038 | 217,338 |
| 7 | Quarto plate | 112,229 | 69,606 | 181,835 | 210,838 |
| — European Commission | |||||

