Brasil defende etanol como combustível marítimo

  • Spanish Market: Biofuels, Petrochemicals
  • 19/10/23

A defesa do uso do etanol como combustível marítimo ganha cada vez mais adeptos no setor energético brasileiro, em um momento em que armadores buscam opções viáveis para descarbonizar a navegação.

Embora o uso do etanol como alternativa ao óleo combustível marítimo tenha ocorrido apenas em fase de teste, o governo estuda, em parceria com empresas navais e companhias sucroalcooleiras, um caminho para alavancar a adoção do biocombustível, fontes disseram à Argus.

A postura adotada pelo Brasil ocorre depois que os membros da Organização Marítima Internacional (IMO, na sigla em inglês), concordaram em reduzir suas emissões em pelo menos 20pc, e de preferência 30pc, até 2030; em pelo menos 70pc, e de preferência 80pc, até 2040; e carbono zero até 2050.

A amônia, o metanol e o hidrogênio estão entre as opções propícias a liderar o esforço global para descarbonizar o transporte marítimo, enquanto alguns armadores estão investindo em novas tecnologias, como a captura e armazenamento de carbono (CCS, na sigla em inglês). Mas o Brasil aposta que o etanol pode desempenhar um papel fundamental nesse futuro.

"Aproveitar nossa experiência com o uso de biocombustíveis em carros e caminhões é um primeiro passo para estruturar soluções para outros setores, incluindo a navegação", disse José Nilton Vieira, coordenador-geral de etanol e biometano no Ministério de Minas e Energia, na conferência sobre navegação verde da IMO, que ocorreu no Chile.

Segundo Vieira, o ministério está estudando formas de substituir gradualmente os combustíveis fósseis na indústria marítima, em linha com o projeto Combustível do Futuro, que estabeleceu metas para setor de aviação.

Futuro flex-álcool

Esse raciocínio está em linha com estudos feitos pela finlandesa Wärtsilä Marine para adaptar o motor flexível do grupo, que opera movido a óleo combustível marítimo e metanol, para também aceitar etanol.

A ideia nasceu na filial brasileira da empresa em 2015, quando o grupo Wärtsila foi contratado pela operadora de balsas sueca Stena Line para converter a embarcação Stena Germanica para operar com metanol.

"Enxergamos que o metanol e o etanol poderiam ser intercambiáveis porque são combustíveis bastante similares", disse o gerente sênior de vendas da empresa na América Latina, Mario Barbosa, à Argus. Os dois combustíveis podem compartilhar características técnicas comuns, como sistemas de injeção e tanques de combustível.

Mas fazer o projeto andar se provou mais difícil do que o esperado, em meio ao debate "food versus fuel" na Europa.

"Os armadores brasileiros são mais receptivos ao conceito porque conhecem bem a infraestrutura por trás da cadeia do etanol em seu país. Para o público europeu, é importante desmistificar crenças sobre sustentabilidade", afirmou Barbosa.

No caminho, a Wärtsilä encontrou um braço amigo na Raízen para realizar estudos de viabilidade, e agora está conduzindo testes em escala comercial em sua sede na Finlândia.

Para operar com metanol, os motores precisam de tanques de combustível que ocupam cerca de 1,7 vezes o tamanho do diesel. Mas, como o etanol tem poder calorífico superior ao de sua substância irmã, menos biocombustível seria consumido para se obter a mesma potência, segundo estudos das empresas.

Próximos passos

A tecnologia, no entanto, é um obstáculo menor em comparação aos próximos desafios que surgirão.

"No fundo, estamos lidando com uma barreira maior de regulação, de visão de mundo e geopolítica, do que de tecnologia", disse à Argus Mateus Lopes, diretor global de transição energética e investimentos da Raízen, em um evento da indústria de etanol.

Lopes acredita que o maior desafio é convencer participantes do setor naval de que o etanol brasileiro pode ajudar a atingir as metas regulatórias da IMO para 2050.

"A indústria marítima está olhando esse mundo eletrificado do hidrogênio, da amônia e do metanol, mas esquecendo de um produto que está na prateleira com 80 milhões de litros disponíveis e que pode ser combinado com essas outras soluções para construir um roadmap", disse.

O executivo da Raízen vê semelhanças com os desafios atuais na indústria de combustível sustentável de aviação (SAF, na sigla em inglês). "Nossa tarefa é sentar à mesa e compartilhar informações para que o etanol seja percebido como uma opção imediata."

Por Vinicius Damazio


Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

16/05/24

Low-carbon methanol costly EU bunker option

Low-carbon methanol costly EU bunker option

New York, 16 May (Argus) — Ship owners are ordering new vessels equipped with methanol-burning capabilities, largely in response to tightening carbon emissions regulations in Europe. But despite the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings that low-carbon methanol provides, it cannot currently compete on price with grey methanol or conventional marine fuels. Ship owners operate 33 methanol-fueled vessels today and have another 29 on order through the end of the year, according to vessel classification society DNV. All 62 vessels are oil and chemical tankers. DNV expects a total of 281 methanol-fueled vessels by 2028, of which 165 will be container ships, 19 bulk carrier and 14 car carrier vessels. Argus Consulting expects an even bigger build-out, with more than 300 methanol-fueled vessels by 2028. A methanol configured dual-fuel vessel has the option to burn conventional marine fuel or any type of methanol: grey or low-carbon. Grey methanol is made from natural gas or coal. Low-carbon methanol includes biomethanol, made of sustainable biomass, and e-methanol, produced by combining green hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide. The fuel-switching capabilities of the dual-fuel vessels provide ship owners with a natural price hedge. When methanol prices are lower than conventional bunkers the ship owner can burn methanol, and vice versa. Methanol, with its zero-sulphur emissions, is advantageous in emission control areas (ECAs), such as the US and Canadian territorial waters. In ECAs, the marine fuel sulphur content is capped at 0.1pc, and ship owners can burn methanol instead of 0.1pc sulphur maximum marine gasoil (MGO). In the US Gulf coast, the grey methanol discount to MGO was $23/t MGO-equivalent average in the first half of May. The grey methanol discount averaged $162/t MGOe for all of 2023. Starting this year, ship owners travelling within, in and out of European territorial waters are required to pay for 40pc of their CO2 emissions through the EU emissions trading system. Next year, ship owners will be required to pay for 70pc of their CO2 emissions. Separately, ship owners will have to reduce their vessels' lifecycle GHG intensities, starting in 2025 with a 2pc reduction and gradually increasing to 80pc by 2050, from a 2020 baseline. The penalty for exceeding the GHG emission intensity is set by the EU at €2,400/t ($2,596/t) of very low-sulplhur fuel oil equivalent. Even though these regulations apply to EU territorial waters, they affect ship owners travelling between the US and Europe. Despite the lack of sulphur emissions, grey methanol generates CO2. With CO2 marine fuel shipping regulations tightening, ship owners have turned their sights to low-carbon methanol. But US Gulf coast low-carbon methanol was priced at $2,317/t MGOe in the first half of May, nearly triple the outright price of MGO at $785/t. Factoring in the cost of 70pc of CO2 emissions and the GHG intensity penalty, the US Gulf coast MGO would rise to about $857/t. At this MGO level, the US Gulf coast low-carbon methanol would be 2.7 times the price of MGO. By comparison, grey methanol with added CO2 emissions cost would be around $962/t, or 1.1 times the price of MGO. To mitigate the high low-carbon methanol costs, some ship owners have been eyeing long-term agreements with suppliers to lock in product availabilities and cheaper prices available on the spot market. Danish container ship owner Maersk has lead the way, entering in low-carbon methanol production agreements in the US with Proman, Orsted, Carbon Sink, and SunGaas Renewables. These are slated to come on line in 2025-27. Global upcoming low-carbon methanol projects are expected to produce 16mn t by 2027, according to industry trade association the Methanol Institute, up from two years ago when the institute was tracking projects with total capacity of 8mn t by 2027. By Stefka Wechsler Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Biomethanol market slows, but shipowners eye offtakes


16/05/24
16/05/24

Biomethanol market slows, but shipowners eye offtakes

London, 16 May (Argus) — The UK's biomethanol consumption fell by 37pc last year as competition from alternative renewable fuel compliance options weighed on demand. The UK consumed 40mn litres of biomethanol in 2023, down from 63mn l in 2022, 53mn l in 2021 and 48mn l in 2020, according to provisional data from the country's Department for Transport. Biomethanol is used as a blending component for gasoline in the UK. Market participants attribute the decline in demand to ample supply of competitively priced alternatives to meet the UK's mandate for the use of renewable fuels in the transport sector. Fob ARA range biodiesel prices fell to a 19-month low towards the end of 2023 , following an unusually large influx of supply to Europe from China since the start of the year. EU biodiesel imports from China reached a record 1.06mn t in 2023 , up from 557,000t in 2022, according to GTT data. The increase in imports contributed to lower renewable fuel ticket prices in key European markets, including the UK. Companies supplying biofuels for transport in the UK can generate renewable transport fuel certificates (RTFCs), which are tradeable and can help obligated parties meet the UK's renewables' mandate. The Argus UK non-crop RTFC reduction obligation price averaged 21.79 pence/RTFC in 2023, compared with 36.35p in 2022. The price has averaged 16.79p so far this year, compared with 26.40p and 37.39p in the same period in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The drop in demand for biomethanol from the UK transport sector is weighing on domestic prices. The Argus cif UK biomethanol price has averaged $1,081.43/t so far in May, having been on a consistent downward trend since late October when the price peaked at $1,205/t. The price averaged $1,212.75/t in May 2023. The slowdown in demand has put biomethanol production margins under pressure, prompting some producers to cut output. Silver lining Demand for renewable methanol, in the form of both biomethanol and e-methanol, could be supported by growing interest from the maritime sector in the coming years as shipowners seek to reduce their emssions. The EU's FuelEU maritime regulation is due to come into effect at the start of next year. It aims to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of marine fuels by 2pc in 2025 and by 80pc by 2050. Shipping companies can choose from a wide range of alternative marine fuels to reduce their emissions, but several are betting on methanol and renewable methanol. Danish shipping giant Maersk has ordered 24 methanol-powered container ships for delivery and commissioning during 2024-25, and Japanese classification society ClassNK said in a recent report that it expects a total of 77 methanol-ready ships to be ordered by 2026, up from 27 methanol newbuilds expected to be ordered this year. Offtake agreements for renewable methanol are also on the rise. Maersk has signed several letters of intent for the procurement of biometanol and e-methanol from producers such as Equinor , Proman and OCI Global . The company also said it has secured an agreement with Danish shipping and logistics company Goldwind for the offtake of 500,000 t/yr from 2024. Meanwhile, Singaporean container shipping group X-Press Feeders said last year that it will offtake biomethanol from OCI's Texas plant starting this year. Another spanner in the works? Although the outlook on renewable methanol demand from the shipping sector appears bright, the recognition of biomethane and biomethane-based fuels produced through mass balancing in non-EU grids is uncertain. More than 40 energy companies and institutes have sent joint letters to the European Commission asking for these products to be included in the Union Database , which aims to prevent the relabelling of biofuels' sustainability declaration. The UDB was launched in January 2024 for liquid fuels and will include gaseous fuels in November, but the commission plans to exclude automatic certification of biomethane and biomethane-based fuels if it is transported through gas grids outside of the EU. The measure "is likely to reduce the availability and increase the cost of low- and zero-carbon bunker fuels for shipping" and may also impact hydrogen and hydrogen-derived fuels, one of the letters sent to the commission said. By Evelina Lungu Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Nayara Energy to set up two ethanol plants in India


16/05/24
16/05/24

Nayara Energy to set up two ethanol plants in India

Mumbai, 16 May (Argus) — Indian private-sector refiner Nayara Energy plans to invest 6bn rupees ($71.9mn) to set up two Indian ethanol plants, each with a production capacity of 200 kilolitre (kl)/d. Nayara has already identified and purchased land in south India's Naidupeta town, Andhra Pradesh state and central India's Balaghat city, Madhya Pradesh state for the proposed plants. The plants will be commissioned by 2026 and will use broken rice and maize as feedstock. The company aims to gradually increase the number of plants to five, with a combined ethanol production capacity of around 1,000 kl/d. "The establishment of ethanol facilities will significantly enhance Nayara Energy's ethanol supply reliability, playing a crucial role in meeting the Indian government's 20pc blending target by the end of fiscal year 2025-2026," Nayara Energy's chief executive officer Alessandro des Dorides said. India achieved 12pc ethanol blending with petrol during November 2023-March 2024, according to the oil ministry. Nayara Energy is also considering a significant expansion of its 400,000 b/d Vadinar refinery, and proposed doubling primary capacity to 800,000 b/d. The Vadinar expansion project would essentially mean building a new refinery at the existing site, Indian oil ministry secretary Pankaj Jain said in February, according to Russian state-owned news agency Tass. Russian state-controlled Rosneft has a 49pc shareholding in Nayara. By Roshni Devi Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Japan’s NS United plans methanol-fuelled bulk carriers


15/05/24
15/05/24

Japan’s NS United plans methanol-fuelled bulk carriers

Tokyo, 15 May (Argus) — Japanese shipping company NS United Kaiun plans to order several methanol-fuelled Capesize bulk carriers, targeting to begin delivery from 2027, as its aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping raw materials for steel production. NS United Kaiun signed an initial agreement on 13 May with Japanese shipbuilders Imabari Shipbuilding and Japan Marine United and domestic vessel engineer Nihon Shipyard to build several methanol-fuelled ships of 209,000dwt each. The vessels will be equipped with dual-fuel engines, which can burn methanol and conventional marine fuel. NS United Kaiun expects the future use of green methanol will cut GHG emissions by more than 80pc compared with conventional marine fuel. The company will also co-operate with fuel developers to buy green methanol. Methanol has emerged as a potential alternative fuel as the marine sector looks to cut its GHGs. Fellow Japanese shipping firm NYK Line also plans to receive six chemical tankers over 2026-29, which will burn very-low sulphur fuel oil but will be designed to convert to use methanol. By Nanami Oki Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Australia to explore biofuels mandate, incentives


15/05/24
15/05/24

Australia to explore biofuels mandate, incentives

Sydney, 15 May (Argus) — Australia's federal budget is funding mandate studies and pursuing certification schemes, given the increasing likelihood biofuels will play a significant role in the nation's energy transition. The federal government has pledged A$18.5mn ($12.3mn) in the four years from 2024-25 to develop a certification scheme for low-carbon liquid fuels, including SAF and renewable diesel, by expanding its guarantee of origin programme for long-term demand by the industry . An extra A$1.5mn over two years from 2024-25 will go to analysis of the regulatory impact of the costs and benefits of introducing mandates for low-carbon liquid fuels, while the government has promised consultation on possible production incentives for domestic project developers. Money from the A$1.7bn Future Made in Australia innovation fund will also be made available for liquid fuels research, to be administered by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency to commercialise net zero technology. "The package of announcements is dealing with crucial areas essential for deployment, including certification to ensure Australia develops a sustainable liquid fuels industry, resourcing to support key demand side interventions such as a low carbon fuels standard and consultation on additional supply-side measures such as production credits," Bioenergy Australia chief executive Shahana McKenzie said on 15 May. The funding pales in comparison to the $9bn hydrogen investment promised by the government, although much of that is deferred to the decade from the 2027-28 fiscal year. About 45pc of Australia's energy use is supplied by liquid fuels but the nations lags behind many countries on decarbonising its transport sector. Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation forecasts demand for jet fuel will grow 75pc by 2050. But no domestic production facility has yet reached a financial close, despite major airlines committing to increasing their SAF use. Domestic feedstocks including agricultural residues could meet 60pc of Australian jet fuel demand initially, growing to 90pc by 2050, Bioenergy Australia has said, while pursuing renewable fuels could cut the country's dependence on oil product imports from 90pc to 61pc by 2040. By Tom Major Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more