Estoques devem limitar altas de fertilizantes no Brasil

  • : Fertilizers
  • 20/01/03

Os preços brasileiros de fertilizantes podem subir no início de 2020, à medida que os altos preços da soja e do milho na bolsa de Chicago (CBOT) levam a maior área cultivada, mas isso pode não ser suficiente para interromper a queda livre nos preços do MAP.

O Brasil é um dos poucos grandes produtores agrícolas que não enfrentou problemas significativos na última safra. Nos Estados Unidos, maior concorrente do Brasil para os mercados de grãos, as condições climáticas desfavoráveis durante grande parte de novembro impediram a aplicação de fertilizantes, mantendo os estoques altos. Alguns participantes do mercado não esperam melhorias antes do início da aplicação da primavera.

As questões climáticas também afetaram a demanda na Índia e na Austrália, e a China comprou menos fertilizantes em decorrência da peste suína africana (ASF).

Enquanto a demanda por fertilizantes vem caindo, a capacidade de produção global aumentou, especialmente no norte da África, uma região mais próxima do Brasil do que outros produtores de fertilizantes.

Com pouca demanda em outros países, os produtores de fertilizantes entregaram mais produtos ao Brasil durante 2019. Como resultado, os preços do MAP caíram mais de 30pc, após uma sequência de três anos em alta ao fim de 2018, para seu ponto atual em uma mínima de 11 anos.

No Brasil, as importações do MAP estavam rumo a um ano recorde em 2019, de cerca de 4 milhões de t. De janeiro-outubro, foram entregues 3,3 milhões de t, apenas 382.000t a menos que o total de importações de 2017 - as mais altas já registradas, de acordo com dados do Global Trade Tracker (GTT). Um participante do mercado calcula que os estoques do MAP estão em torno de 1 milhão de t, o dobro dos níveis de 2018 e o mais alto registrado.

As importações de nitrogênio e potássio também cresceram no Brasil este ano, com a chegada das primeiras cargas iranianas de nitrogênio e as crescentes importações argentinas pressionando os preços cfr. O banco holandês Rabobank estima que as importações de fertilizantes no Brasil em 2019 cheguem a 28,3 milhões de t, 800.000t a mais que 2018. Embora projete maior demanda para 2019 - 36,2 milhões de t ante 35,5 milhões de t em 2018 - os estoques devem aumentar 600.000t, para 6,1 milhões de t. Para 2020, o Rabobank calcula estoques totais brasileiros de fertilizantes de 6,2 milhões de t e 37 milhões de t de demanda, um sinal de que os preços cfr podem permanecer baixos.

Produtores de fertilizantes globalmente anunciaram cortes na produção em 2019, na tentativa de conter a queda dos preços. Os maiores produtores chineses de fosfatados, conhecidos como "2+6", devem reduzir as exportações em 40-50pc entre outubro de 2019 e abril de 2020. Os principais produtores de MOP começaram a anunciar cortes em agosto, com cortes de Mosaic, Nutrien, K + S totalizando cerca de 1,6 milhão de t.

Os cortes podem não ser suficientes para conter a queda de preços no mercado brasileiro. Um participante do mercado disse que os produtores de potássio estão procurando fechar acordos para a temporada 2020-21 o mais rápido possível, um sinal de que esperam novos declínios no futuro. As ofertas de MOP para carregamento em maio ficaram em torno de $260/t cfr Brasil em dezembro.

As previsões da Sindiadubos, uma associação da indústria de fertilizantes, com base em dados da Associação Nacional para difusão de Adubos (Anda) indicam 10,5 milhões de t de importações de MOP em 2019, acima dos 10,01 milhões de t de 2018.

Um aumento da produção vinda da Eurochem, empresa russa que controla a Fertilizantes Tocantins, também pressionou os preços. E a retomada da produção da mina Bethune da K+S também está competindo com os fornecedores existentes.

As importações com origem na Rússia aumentaram mais de 12pc no ano, o maior aumento de um país no fornecimento de fertilizantes.

Para o nitrogênio, a reação do preço pode aparecer mais cedo, mas os participantes do mercado não esperam um aumento significativo. Uma alta já foi observada nos EUA e no Golfo Arábico, o que deve impulsionar os preços no mercado brasileiro em janeiro. Níveis elevados de estoques, estimados por um participante do mercado em torno de 1 milhão de t, podem limitar esse aumento.

Para os fosfatados, a situação não é melhor. Os fornecedores afirmam que não há demanda para o produto no Brasil atualmente. A consultoria INTL FCStone informou que espera um aumento nos preços do MAP no primeiro trimestre de 2020, mas que também será limitado.

Por Kauanna Navarro


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