LNG
概要
LNGは、投入コストと炭素排出の両方を管理するのに役立つため、重要な原料としての位置を確立しています。重工業ユーザーによるネットゼロ目標達成の推進は、LNGの使用方法と使用場所に新たな局面をもたらしています。全体として、使用量は増加すると予想され、最も成長率の高い化石燃料になると予測されています。
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LNG winter arbitrage closed even on sunk freight costs
LNG winter arbitrage closed even on sunk freight costs
London, 2 September (Argus) — The forward inter-basin arbitrage to ship US Gulf coast LNG to northeast Asia by the Cape of Good Hope in the winter is closed, even assuming sunk freight costs, as boil-off costs are greater than the northeast Asia des premium to northwest Europe. Assuming an extra 55-day round trip from the Gulf coast to northeast Asia compared with northwest Europe, firms would pay over $1/mn Btu in boil-off costs alone, if they use a 174,000m³ two-stroke carrier with a 0.08pc/d boil-off rate (see boil-off graph) . For every $1/mn Btu that Asian prices rise, should des spreads hold steady, the boil-off difference between delivering to Asia and Europe increases by 4.5¢/mn Btu. Boil-off costs are now higher than the inter-basin des spread for November-March, assuming delivery to Asia a month later than Europe. And boil-off costs are also greater even assuming no delivery lag over December-March. This means that for the inter-basin arbitrage to be open on a forward basis, charter rates would have to be negative, even with no delivery month lag (see implied charter rate graph) . Some Asian firms with Atlantic basin offtake have taken term cargoes from the US to their own import terminals since the strait of Hormuz was essentially closed to tanker traffic because of supply security concerns, even if there was a slight incentive to deliver elsewhere. Given the clear incentive to deliver to Europe over the winter instead of Asia, it is more profitable to deliver to Europe and buy cargoes from Asia to backfill lost supply. But if the strait of Hormuz remains closed later in the winter, Asia will probably need to compete for at least some Atlantic basin supply , as December and January is when Asian demand peaks, suggesting inter-basin des spreads would need to widen. The inter-basin arbitrage is firmly closed later in the first quarter because of backwardation in delivered prices, which means that delivering in a later month to Asia can lead to a des spread of more than $4/mn Btu compared with delivering to Europe. By Martin Senior Des spread vs boil-off cost difference Forward arbitrage expressed in breakeven charter rates Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
US, Iran exchange strikes after Hormuz impasse: Update
US, Iran exchange strikes after Hormuz impasse: Update
Updates with details throughout Washington, 1 September (Argus) — US and Iranian forces exchanged strikes on Tuesday, following apparent Iranian attacks on Saudi tankers attempting to transit through the strait of Hormuz. US strikes targeted Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) installations beginning at 12pm ET (16:00 GMT) on Tuesday, said the US Central Command (Centcom), which oversees Middle East-based US forces. The US strikes hit targets on Qeshm island in the strait of Hormuz and near Bandar Abbas in southern Iran, according to the IRGC-affiliated Iranian news agency Tasnim. IRGC said it launched missile and drone attacks against US bases in Jordan and Bahrain and claimed that an Iranian missile hit resulted in casualties at a Jordan-based US base. Centcom did not confirm the Iranian claim. President Donald Trump on Tuesday vowed to retaliate at "a much harder and higher level" in response to the Iranian attacks on US bases. Trump told Fox News that the US strikes on Tuesday targeted the recently-rebuilt Iranian radar installations, according to the US network's account of the interview that the White House confirmed. October Nymex WTI rose by almost 6pc to $90.22/bl on Tuesday following the resumption of US-Iranian strikes. Centcom said the Tuesday attacks were a retaliation after two very large crude carriers (VLCCs) carrying Saudi crude were involved in separate security incidents in the strait of Hormuz. The US and Iran exchanged strikes on Monday for the first time in more than a month. The US said it had taken "limited, precise action" against Iran's IRGC minelaying forces on Larak island in Hormuz, while the IRGC said it retaliated with ballistic missile attacks against US bases in Jordan. The Pentagon cited the IRGC attack on the US base in Jordan on Monday as an additional justification for the US military action on Tuesday. Iran's ability to target ships passing through Hormuz counters recent US claims of having decisively eliminated Tehran's military threat and of enabling an increase in oil exports through the critical Mideast Gulf waterway. Vessel traffic through the strait of Hormuz remained low on Monday, according to data from maritime security firm Windward. Trump on Monday "officially" declared Iran a "failed nation", citing the supposed destruction of its military potential. Trump said last week that the US military removed all Iranian mines in the strait of Hormuz. But on Tuesday, he said that he ordered US strikes "in retaliation for the Iranians' failed attempt at adding sea mines to the Strait, which currently has no mines (They have been completely removed or detonated!)". Treasury secretary Scott Bessent, speaking on the sidelines of the G20 finance ministerial in North Carolina on Tuesday, likewise described Iran as "militarily crushed" and said that the US was prioritizing its naval blockade and new economic sanctions against Iran to bring pressure on Iran. Bessent at the same time downplayed the importance of Hormuz. "In two years, the strait of Hormuz will be like a worthless piece of water," he said, citing projects by Mideast Gulf states to diversify exports from the region by pipelines. Earlier Tuesday Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian said the country would immediately reciprocate if the US returns to its commitments under an interim agreement reached in June. Tehran has repeatedly linked the restoration of free navigation through the strait of Hormuz to US implementation of the June agreement. By Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
US resumes air strikes against Iran
US resumes air strikes against Iran
Washington, 1 September (Argus) — US forces began to carry out strikes against Iran at 12pm ET (16:00 GMT) on Tuesday following apparent Iranian attacks on Saudi tankers attempting to transit through the strait of Hormuz. US strikes hit targets on Qeshm island in the strait of Hormuz and near Bandar Abbas in southern Iran, according to Iranian news agency Tasnim, which is affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Washington appeared to expect strong retaliation from Iran, with US embassies in Jordan, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman issuing security warnings to US citizens living in those countries. Two very large crude carriers (VLCCs) carrying Saudi crude have been involved in separate security incidents in the strait of Hormuz, according to navigational warnings from the Pakistan Navy. The US and Iran exchanged strikes on Monday for the first time in more than a month. The US said it had taken "limited, precise action" against Iran's IRGC minelaying forces on Larak island in Hormuz, while the IRGC said it retaliated with ballistic missile attacks against US bases in Jordan. The Pentagon cited the IRGC attack on the US base in Jordan as an additional justification for the military action on Tuesday. Iran's ability to target ships passing through Hormuz counters recent US claims of having decisively eliminated Tehran's military threat and of enabling an increase in oil exports through the critical Mideast Gulf waterway. Vessel traffic through the strait of Hormuz remained low on Monday amid increased attacks on commercial vessels transiting the waterway, according to data from maritime security firm Windward. Trump on Monday "officially" declared Iran a "failed nation", citing the supposed destruction of its military potential. Treasury secretary Scott Bessent, speaking on the sidelines of the G20 finance ministerial in North Carolina on Tuesday, likewise described Iran as "militarily crushed" and said that the US was prioritizing its naval blockade and new economic sanctions against Iran to bring pressure on Iran. Bessent at the same time downplayed the importance of Hormuz. "In two years, the strait of Hormuz will be like a worthless piece of water," he said, citing projects by Mideast Gulf states to diversify exports from the region by pipelines. Earlier Tuesday Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian said the country would immediately reciprocate if the US returns to its commitments under an interim agreement reached in June. Tehran has repeatedly linked the restoration of free navigation through the strait of Hormuz to US implementation of the June agreement. By Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Iran says it will reciprocate if US honors June deal
Iran says it will reciprocate if US honors June deal
Dubai, 1 September (Argus) — Iran will immediately reciprocate if the US returns to its commitments under an interim agreement reached in June, president Masoud Pezeshkian said on 1 September, as tensions between Tehran and Washington flared again around the strait of Hormuz. "If the US returns to its commitments under the memorandum of understanding, the Islamic Republic of Iran will immediately reciprocate," Pezeshkian said during a speech at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Bishkek, according to Iran's state-run news agency Irna. The June agreement, reached after around three months of negotiations mediated by Pakistan and Qatar, sought to end the conflict that began with US and Israeli strikes on Iran on 28 February. But the accord quickly began to unravel amid disagreements over its implementation. Pezeshkian said Washington began violating its commitments less than two weeks after the agreement was reached, adding that Iran had responded "proportionately". Tehran has repeatedly linked the restoration of free navigation through the strait of Hormuz to US implementation of the June agreement. The comments came a day after the US and Iran exchanged strikes for the first time in more than a month. The US said it had taken "limited, precise action" against Iran's IRGC minelaying forces on Larak island in the strait of Hormuz, while the IRGC said it retaliated with ballistic missile attacks against US bases in Jordan. The latest exchange followed a period of relative calm after daily strikes between 11-23 July. Commercial shipping through Hormuz remains severely disrupted. Maritime security risks have also increased in recent days. A tanker was struck by three unidentified projectiles during an outbound transit through Hormuz late on 31 August, according to UK Maritime Trade Operations, a day after another tanker was hit by an unknown projectile during an inbound transit. SCO cooperation Pezeshkian said on 31 August that war was in no one's interest and that Tehran remained open to a negotiated solution with Washington. He used the SCO summit to also call for deeper economic and energy cooperation among member states, proposing the creation of an "SCO energy consortium" spanning production, supply, transportation and consumption. Pezeshkian also proposed the establishment of an SCO bank, greater use of national currencies in settlements between member states and a common export and investment insurance mechanism. He argued that the measures could strengthen trade, financing and supply-chain resilience among SCO members and reduce vulnerability to external disruptions. The SCO includes China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Iran and several central Asian states. By Bachar Halabi Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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