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Climate vulnerable nations back shipping emissions levy

  • : Emissions, Oil products
  • 21/11/03

A coalition of countries that are highly vulnerable to the effects of global warming has called on the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to establish a compulsory greenhouse gas levy on international shipping.

The Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) — an international partnership of over 50 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific and elsewhere — is also advocating for "ambitious targets in domestic maritime emissions" and for next-generation vessels and marine fuels "to be equitable" for all states.

It said it wants the majority of the money generated from the levy to be reinvested in supporting urgent climate action, in particular in developing, vulnerable countries. The demands are part of the CVF Dhaka-Glasgow Declaration launched at the UN Cop 26 climate conference.

The idea of a carbon levy on shipping has already received significant support from industry bodies. The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) has suggested a global carbon levy to accelerate decarbonisation in shipping, as well as tougher emissions reduction targets for the industry. In a report published today in conjunction with consultancy Ricardo, the ICS also called for a "massive scaling up of finance for research and development", which is crucial for decarbonising the sector.

The European Community Shipowners' Associations (ECSA) is advocating for a dedicated fund under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to stabilise the carbon price, where revenues would be used to develop research and development projects and to lower the price of cleaner fuels, making them more competitive with conventional bunkers. The ECSA has stated a preference for international regulation at IMO level, but thinks action should also be taken at EU level, president Claes Berglund said.

The ECSA said it believes that the charterer, "the entity responsible for taking operational decisions", should bear the burden of the costs of the EU ETS. The World Shipping Council has said that including shipping in the EU ETS will help decarbonise the industry "but EU action threatens to undermine broader international progress if the ETS extends outside of the EU".

Earlier this week, Denmark and the US urged the IMO to set more ambitious targets to achieve zero emissions in shipping by 2050. The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping has said that the maritime industry will not be able to reach net zero emissions by 2050 without a fuel levy to encourage the use of alternative bunkers.


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24/11/06

Trump nears victory in US election: Update 3

Trump nears victory in US election: Update 3

Updates throughout with latest election results, market reaction Washington, 6 November (Argus) — Former president Donald Trump appears to be closing in on victory in the US election, after winning several key swing states. Trump, the Republican nominee, was declared the victor in Georgia and North Carolina shortly after midnight ET on election night, according to the Associated Press. Trump has also won the key state of Pennsylvania, several US networks said. Trump was leading vice president Kamala Harris in all four other key swing states — Wisconsin and Arizona, Michigan and Nevada — based on partial results as of 02:00 ET (07:00 GMT) on 6 November. The seven swing states will decide which candidate reaches the threshold of 270 electoral votes needed to win the election. Trump had secured 248 electoral votes as 02:00 ET, with Harris at 214. Victory in Pennsylvania, if confirmed, would give Trump 267 votes and all-but end Harris' chances of victory. The prospect of Trump's re-election sent Brent crude futures down by as much as 2.5pc to a low of $73.64/bl, largely reflecting gains in the US dollar. A strong dollar tends to weigh on prices of commodities by making purchases more expensive for buyers using other currencies. Trump has promised to pursue a radical shift for the US on policies related to energy, taxes, trade and foreign affairs — reversing many of the policies and legislation that Democrats have put in place under President Joe Biden. On energy policy, Trump said he wants oil and gas producers to "drill, baby, drill" to bring down domestic energy prices and to dismantle many of the regulations and climate policies put in place by Biden, which Trump dubbed the "Green New Scam". Trump said he would immediately lift a "pause" on licensing new LNG export terminals and restart oil development in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Trump wants to impose a 20pc tariff on all foreign imports and even higher tariffs on China. The next president faces decisions on the future of US support for Ukraine and related restrictions on Russian energy exports, enforcing US sanctions against Iran and Venezuela and how to contain the growing threat of an Israel-Iran war and its potential impacts on oil flows from the Middle East. Republicans also took control of the US Senate for the first time in four years. In the US House of Representatives, too many races are undecided for major networks to project control. In 2025, the US Congress is poised for a major fight on tax policy because of the year-end expiration of an estimated $4 trillion in tax cuts. By Chris Knight, Haik Gugarats and Kevin Foster Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Trump takes early lead in swing states: Update 2


24/11/06
24/11/06

Trump takes early lead in swing states: Update 2

Updates throughout with latest election results Washington, 5 November (Argus) — Former president Donald Trump is leading election tallies in a number of states crucial to winning the White House, but the final outcome of the presidential contest may take longer to determine. As of 11pm ET on Tuesday, Trump, the Republican nominee, was ahead of vice president Kamala Harris in Georgia and North Carolina, with almost 90pc counted in each state. With partial results in, Trump is running ahead of Harris in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Arizona, while she has a slight lead in Michigan. Ballot counting just now is getting underway in Nevada. The seven swing states will decide which candidate reaches the threshold of 270 electoral votes needed to win the election. Trump has promised to pursue a radical shift for the US on policies related to energy, taxes, trade and foreign affairs — reversing many of the policies and legislation that Democrats have put in place under President Joe Biden. On energy policy, Trump said he wants oil and gas producers to "drill, baby, drill" to bring down domestic energy prices and to dismantle many of the regulations and climate policies put in place by Biden, which Trump dubbed the "Green New Scam". Trump said he would immediately lift a "pause" on licensing new LNG export terminals and restart oil development in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Trump wants to impose a 20pc tariff on all foreign imports and even higher tariffs on China. The next president faces decisions on the future of US support for Ukraine and related restrictions on Russian energy exports, enforcing US sanctions against Iran and Venezuela and how to contain the growing threat of an Israel-Iran war and its potential impacts on oil flows from the Middle East. In the US House of Representatives, too many races are undecided for major networks to project control. But in the US Senate, Republicans appear likely to win control for the first time in four years, with West Virginia governor Jim Justice (R) flipping a seat held by senator Joe Manchin (I), who is retiring. In 2025, the US Congress is poised for a major fight on tax policy because of the year-end expiration of an estimated $4 trillion in tax cuts. By Chris Knight and Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

US elections undecided as some polls close: Update


24/11/06
24/11/06

US elections undecided as some polls close: Update

Updates with changes throughout Washington, 5 November (Argus) — Early voting results from key US swing states point to a tight race between former president Donald Trump and vice president Kamala Harris, with the outcome carrying high stakes for energy policy, trade and climate change. Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Georgia, Arizona and Nevada are the swing states that will decide which candidate reaches the threshold of 270 electoral votes needed to win the election. Early results from Georgia point to a slight advantage for Trump relative to his 2020 results in that state, which President Joe Biden then carried by nearly 12,000 votes. But early voting results also point to slight gains for Harris in some demographic segments relative to Biden's 2020 performance. That would make election results in Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania — which typically take days to complete the count — crucial for determining the outcome. Winning all three states would secure a victory for either candidate. In the US Senate, Republicans have a pathway to win control with a 51-49 majority by flipping one more seat, after West Virginia governor Jim Justice (R) was declared the winner in that state's Senate race by the Associated Press. Democrats are defending seats in close races in Montana, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. If the Senate is tied, control will go to the party that wins the presidential election. Even before polls closed today, Trump said there was a "lot of talk about massive CHEATING in Philadelphia" in a post on his social media site, in a rerun of his strategy in the 2020 election of making unsubstantiated claims about voting. Harris, in a campaign speech on Monday in Pennsylvania, said the election offered a chance to "turn the page on a decade of politics that have been driven by fear and division". Trump has focused heavily on energy policy and voter frustration about inflation in his bid for a second term. US motorists were paying an average of $3.07/USG for regular grade gasoline in the week ended on 4 November, the lowest price in 10 months, but still higher than at any point in Trump's first term. On the campaign trail, Trump has promised to bring down energy prices through a policy to "drill, baby, drill" and dismantling President Joe Biden's signature climate initiative, the Inflation Reduction Act. Harris has pledged to support the 2022 law and other Biden energy policies , such as continued support for electric vehicles. Harris has disavowed her 2019 pledge to ban hydraulic fracturing. But oil and gas companies remain concerned about restrictions on federal leasing and efforts to electrify the vehicle fleet if she is elected. The next president will decide key questions on energy policy, such as the licensing of new US LNG export facilities and regulating carbon emissions from power plants, oil and gas facilities and vehicles. The election will carry equally high stakes for companies involved in metals , agriculture and other commodities. Trump is planning a combative approach to trade, with a 20pc tariff on all foreign imports and even higher tariffs against China. In 2025, the US Congress is also poised for a major fight on tax policy because of the year-end expiration of an estimated $4 trillion in tax cuts. On foreign policy, the next president will face decisions on the future of US restrictions on Russian energy exports and US sanctions against Iran and Venezuela and how to contain the growing threat of an Israel-Iran war and its potential impacts on oil flows from the Middle East. Polls also show a tight race in the fight for control of the US House of Representatives, where Republicans hold a 220-212 majority and where up to 22 seats are deemed competitive, election ratings firm Cook Political Report says. By Chris Knight and Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

South Africa plans to upgrade Sapref to 600,000 b/d


24/11/05
24/11/05

South Africa plans to upgrade Sapref to 600,000 b/d

Cape Town, 5 November (Argus) — The South African government plans to repair and expand the closed 180,000 b/d Sapref refinery in Durban, in the KwaZulu-Natal province, creating a facility with at least 600,000 b/d of capacity, according to the Central Energy Fund (CEF). State-owned CEF struck a deal in May to acquire Sapref from BP and Shell. The government wants to upgrade the refinery to ensure that South Africa has security of supply, CEF group chair Ayanda Noah told delegates at the Africa Energy Week underway in Cape Town. "Nowadays, a refining capacity of 600,000 b/d upwards is more economical, and that is what South Africa is aiming for," Noah said. "We are very ambitious." Sapref was South Africa's largest oil refinery with around 35pc of the country's refining capacity before it was shut in 2022 . That followed the closure of Engen's 105,000 b/d Durban refinery in 2020. Only three of South Africa's refineries remain operational — Astron Energy's 100,000 b/d Cape Town refinery, Sasol and TotalEnergies' 107,000 b/d Natref refinery and Sasol's 150,000 b/d coal-to-liquids plant at Secunda. South Africa now only has 35pc of its original refining capacity left, which means it has to import the balance, according to Noah. "You cannot outsource security of supply," she said. "There are many other variables that are outside our control. Look at the geopolitical tensions up north that affects supply chains negatively." Importing around 65pc of oil products is not efficient, especially given South Africa's high unemployment rate, Noah said. "Essentially, what we've done, is export downstream jobs." There is also a negative impact on the balance of payments and the economy, because South Africa cannot control prices, Noah added. It is the role of the CEF as a state-owned company to assist when there are market failures, she said. BP and Shell each owned a 50pc stake in the refinery and were looking to sell the facility after halting operations in 2022. But these plans were set back after extensive flood damage at the plant in April of that year, only two months after it was shut indefinitely. Four years ago, UK-based consultancy Citac estimated it would cost around $15.7bn to upgrade all of Africa's refineries to Afri-6 clean fuel standards, its chief executive Gary Still said in an interview. But those calculations were made before Sudan's 100,000 b/d Khartoum refinery was shut and Ghana's 120,000 b/d Sentuo refinery came online, Still said. It is also likely that the cost of refinery upgrades has increased substantially as goods and services became more expensive after the Covid-19 pandemic, while engineering firms and personnel with the necessary expertise are less available, Still said. By 2030, the African Refiners and Distributors Association (ARDA) wants African countries to meet Afri-6, which imposes a 10ppm sulphur limit on gasoline and diesel, in line with Euro 5 fuel specifications. ARDA's executive secretary Anibor Kragha, described the Sapref acquisition as "phenomenal," because South Africa is "claiming its energy independence through it," he said. By Elaine Mills Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Phillips 66 Calif shutdown to shift tanker flows


24/11/05
24/11/05

Phillips 66 Calif shutdown to shift tanker flows

Houston, 5 November (Argus) — Phillips 66's plans for a late 2025 shutdown of its 139,000 b/d refinery in Los Angeles, California, will likely lead to more trans-Pacific refined products tanker shipments into the US west coast while having a more muted effect on crude tankers. Phillips 66 said it would likely shut the refinery in the fourth quarter of 2025, citing the high regulatory costs of operating in California. While it is unclear what will become of the facility, Phillips 66 said it still plans to supply the region with road fuels in the future. The closure will reduce California's refining capacity by 8.6pc to about 1.48mn b/d and removes about 14pc of refining capacity in the Los Angeles area. Tankers hauled about 160,000 b/d of refined products to California in January-October, with about 95,000 b/d going to Los Angeles, according to data from analytics firm Vortexa. About 27pc of the deliveries to Los Angeles came from refiners on the US Gulf coast and elsewhere on the US west coast on Jones Act-compliant vessels, which must be US-built, US-flagged and US-crewed. But the relatively small Jones Act fleet is already fully utilized, with no additional ships on order, shipbroker Poten said. This means replacement supplies of refined products will need to come from farther afield, likely Asia-Pacific. South Korea is Los Angeles' biggest source of waterborne refined products so far this year, shipping about 33,000 b/d in January-October, Vortexa data show, followed by other US sources (25,000 b/d), China (9,000 b/d), India (9,000 b/d) and Canada (8,500 b/d). Taiwan, Singapore and Japan also have supplied marginal cargoes to Los Angeles this year. An increase of California-bound shipments from these countries would create additional demand for voyages lasting a range of 19-35 days, boosting ton-mile demand and tanker employment in the Pacific basin. Medium range (MR) and long range 1 (LR1) refined product tankers would benefit the most from these increased trade flows, with MRs accounting for 67pc of the current market share and LR1s 33pc, according to Vortexa data. Tanker demand for exports from the US west coast is unlikely to be affected. Phillips 66 Los Angeles exported just 2,000-4,000 b/d of products in January-October, data from Kpler and Vortexa show. Limited impact on crude tankers Because Phillips 66's Los Angeles refinery was designed to process domestic California crude, the impact on the regional crude tanker market likely will be much more limited — and offset by increased tanker demand on Canada's Pacific coast. With available domestic — albeit declining — California crude production, the 139,000 b/d refinery imported 64,000 b/d of crude in January-August 2024, mostly from short-haul sources in the Americas, the latest data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) show. The trade was dominated by 1mn bl Suezmaxes and 500,000-700,000 bl Aframaxes. The refinery imported 15.52mn bl of crude in January-August 2024, according to the EIA. Canada was the largest international supplier (4.84mn bl) in that span, boosted by the Trans Mountain Expansion (TMX) pipeline start-up in May, followed by Guyana (3.48mn bl) via the Trans-Panama Pipeline, Mexico (2.98mn bl), Brazil (2.92mn bl) and Ecuador (1.3mn bl). Because of the refinery's use of domestic crude supplies, the complex's imports are equivalent to just two Suezmax shipments or three Aframax shipments per month. For the regional tanker market, that is more than offset by the burgeoning TMX flows on Canada's Pacific coast, which in October loaded a record 24 Aframaxes , destined to refineries in China and the US west coast. By Tray Swanson Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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