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Produtoras de fertilizantes investem no Brasil

  • : Fertilizers
  • 21/12/30

As produtoras globais de fertilizantes fortaleceram a participação no mercado brasileiro em 2021 por meio de fusões e aquisições de misturadoras e distribuidoras do país.

Fontes do governo brasileiro acreditam que o aumento no número de fusões e aquisições está estritamente relacionado aos altos preços dos fertilizantes no mercado spot e ao fato de o Brasil ser um importante mercado consumidor. A alta também é impulsionada pela sinalização de que o país pretende reduzir a burocracia legal para a produção nacional de fertilizantes.

A mudança acontece em um momento no qual o governo brasileiro considera aumentar a produção nacional de insumos. No primeiro trimestre, a ministra da Agricultura, Tereza Cristina, iniciou discussões para desenvolver o Plano Nacional de Fertilizantes, com o objetivo de reduzir a dependência do país de fertilizantes importados.

O Brasil é o quarto maior consumidor de fertilizantes do mundo, e a demanda deve permanecer forte à medida que o país continua a desempenhar um papel de liderança na agricultura.

Mas a produção local de fertilizantes está longe de atender às demandas internas, e o Brasil importa cerca de 80pc dos fertilizantes consumidos todos os anos. De acordo com a Associação Nacional para Difusão de Adubos (Anda), 40,6 milhões de t de fertilizantes foram entregues em 2020, sendo 6,4 milhões de t produtos nacionais. Em 2021, os dados mais recentes mostram que 33,7 milhões de t foram entregues até setembro, com quase 5 milhões de t de produção doméstica.

Entre as fusões e aquisições anunciadas este ano, a Uralkali concordou em adquirir uma participação de 50pc na misturadora Fertgrow no início de dezembro. A Fertgrow entrega fertilizantes para clientes no Maranhão, Piauí, Tocantins, Pará e Mato Grosso. O Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade) deve avaliar o negócio entre o fim de janeiro e o início de fevereiro, de acordo com a Fertgrow. A empresa pretende dobrar sua participação de 18pc no mercado de cloreto de potássio até 2025.

Também em dezembro, a Eurochem concordou em comprar uma participação de 51,48pc na distribuidora Heringer em um negócio avaliado em R$ 554,6 milhões. O negócio, que ainda precisa de aprovação do Cade, é mais um passo para aumentar a presença da Eurochem no Brasil. Desde 2016, a empresa tem o controle acionário da Fertilizantes Tocantins e a produtora russa fechou um acordo em junho de 2020 para adquirir o restante da participação na empresa brasileira. De acordo com a companhia, as vendas da Eurochem Fertilizantes Tocantins aumentaram 20pc em 2020 e atingiram 8pc do mercado brasileiro de fertilizantes, enquanto o Brasil respondeu por 22pc da receita total.

A Heringer, que está em um plano de recuperação, possui atualmente 11 unidades operacionais no Brasil com capacidade instalada de 4,225 milhões de t. A empresa ainda mantém três unidades inativas no sul do país. Nos primeiros nove meses de 2021, a Heringer entregou 1,1 milhão de t de fertilizantes, um aumento de 17,5pc em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior.

Em setembro de 2019, a Heringer fechou um acordo com a fornecedora Uralchem e a produtora de cloreto de potássio Uralkali. O negócio não se concretizou apesar da aprovação do Cade.

Na área de exploração e produção, os produtores internacionais também atuam no mercado brasileiro. Em junho, a Potássio do Brasil, controlada pela canadense Forbes & Manhattan, solicitou uma licença de operação para exploração em Itapiranga, no estado do Amazonas. A empresa estima que o projeto teria uma capacidade de produção anual de 2 milhões de t de cloreto de potássio. O projeto Autazes, da Potássio do Brasil, também no estado do Amazonas, está em processo de licenciamento e deve produzir 2,4 milhões de t/ano de cloreto de potássio. Não há informações sobre os prazos de início das operações.

As autoridades brasileiras aprovaram em setembro a compra do projeto de fosfatados da Serra do Salitre, da produtora norueguesa Yara, em Minas Gerais, pela Eurochem por $410 milhões. O projeto está programado para colocar em operação uma planta de fosfatados de 1 milhão de t/ano, que produzirá MAP/NP, bem como SSP e TSP, em 2023. Sua meta de produção será alcançada em 2024, de acordo com a Eurochem.


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