Generic Hero BannerGeneric Hero Banner
Latest market news

Opinião: Passado, presente e futuro

  • : Crude oil, Oil products
  • 23/12/26

É véspera de Natal e – tal como Ebenezer Scrooge, na história de 1843 de Charles Dickens, Um Conto de Natal – a indústria de petróleo tem sonhos perturbadores. O Fantasma do Natal Passado lembra Scrooge que o amor ao dinheiro o impediu de fazer um casamento feliz. O Fantasma do Presente de Natal avisa sobre o desastre, a menos que ele mude de rumo. E o fantasma do Natal que ainda está por vir revela que ninguém se importa com sua morte. A alegoria moral e política de Dickens ressoou ruidosamente, 180 anos depois, na Cop 28, conferência climática realizada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em Dubai, enquanto os participantes debatiam se deveriam se comprometer com uma "eliminação progressiva" dos combustíveis fósseis.

O setor defende vigorosamente seu papel no futuro, prevendo uma vida mais longa e um declínio mais lento do que muitos acreditam ser compatível com os objetivos do Acordo de Paris. "Há uma demanda de petróleo e gás hoje e haverá no futuro", afirma o presidente da ExxonMobil, Darren Woods. "Basicamente, produziremos mais petróleo a um custo menor, de forma mais eficiente e com menos pegada ambiental. Esta é uma situação em que todos ganham."

O Cop 28 chegou a um consenso desconfortável, pedindo uma "transição para longe" dos combustíveis fósseis, que alguns ridicularizaram como um "Cop Out" (expressão em inglês para uma desculpa insatisfatória). No entanto, a indústria da commodity já se encontra no meio de uma transição, à medida que a atividade de exploração abranda, os horizontes de investimento diminuem e as empresas aumentam de tamanho através de fusões e aquisições para reduzir custos e serem mais competitivas. A expectativa de vida das reservas de petróleo upstream caiu pela metade: de 50 anos, há uma década, para 25 anos neste ano, informa o relatório Top Projects de 2023, do banco norte-americano Goldman Sachs. E, embora os gastos com upstream tenham se recuperado desde o colapso em 2020 e 2021, este novo ciclo é muito diferente do anterior, com o óleo de xisto norte-americano de ciclo curto agora em "modo de produção" e o ciclo mais longo, em águas profundas offshore, focado em desenvolvimentos de baixo custo, apontou a 39ª pesquisa de gastos com exploração e produção (E&P) do banco britânico Barclays.

As curvas futuras já refletem mudanças nas perspectivas do futuro do petróleo. Os preços do petróleo WTI a longo prazo subiram cerca de $10/b em comparação com o ano anterior, ao passo que os mercados consideram curvas de custos de oferta mais acentuadas. Após uma década de expansão dos recursos, devido principalmente ao óleo de xisto dos Estados Unidos, com curvas de custos mais longas e planas, a curva de custos do petróleo do relatório Top Projects, da Goldman Sachs, recuou desde 2017, tornando-se novamente mais curta e íngreme. O óleo de xisto dos EUA já não é um setor em expansão, com os acionistas buscando melhores retornos e os preços de equilíbrio para a perfuração de novos poços subindo devido à inflação e aos custos de capital mais elevados. E a reserva de projetos em águas profundas está recuando, com as empresas procurando pontos de equilíbrio mais baixos, de cerca de $50/b, para conter os riscos de investimentos de ciclo mais longo.

Ao contrário do petróleo, a curva de custos para zerar emissões de carbono está se tornando mais longa e plana, conforme a tecnologia melhora e os custos de capital diminuem – especialmente no extremo mais alto da curva de custos, afirma o relatório Carbonomics, de 2023, da Goldman Sachs. A conta para eliminar os 50pc mais baratos das emissões globais de gases de efeito de estufa se manteve perto de $1 trilhão nos últimos cinco anos. Mas a conta para alcançar a descarbonização de 75pc caiu quase metade, para $3,2 bilhões até 2023, ante $5,7 bilhões em 2019. E se o fornecimento de petróleo continuar mais caro e a redução de carbono mais barata, o argumento econômico para uma "transição" dos combustíveis fósseis deverá ser irresistível. "Mantenha sua mente aberta para uma variedade de soluções diferentes", diz Woods.

Como sempre, Dickens tem a resposta. "Viverei no Passado, no Presente e no Futuro!", exclama Scrooge, quando acorda de seus sonhos. "Os Espíritos de todos os Três lutarão dentro de mim."


Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

25/06/12

EPA readies new biofuel blend mandate proposal

EPA readies new biofuel blend mandate proposal

New York, 12 June (Argus) — President Donald Trump's administration is close to releasing two regulations informing oil refiners how much biofuel they must blend into the conventional fuel supply. The two rules — proposed biofuel blend mandates for at least 2026 and most likely for 2027 as well as a separate final rule cutting cellulosic fuel mandates for last year — exited White House review on Wednesday, the last step before major regulations can be released. Previously scheduled meetings as part of the process appear to have been cancelled, another signal that the rules' release is imminent. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has said it wants to get the frequently delayed Renewable Fuel Standard program back on its statutory timeline, which would require volumes for 2027 to be finalized before November this year. Any proposal will have to go through the typical public comment process and could be changed. A coalition of biofuel-producing groups and feedstock suppliers, including the American Petroleum Institute, has pushed EPA to set a biomass-based diesel mandate of 5.25bn USG for 2026, hoping that a record-high target will support biorefineries that have struggled this year. Many plants have idled or run less recently, as uncertainty about future blend mandates, the halting rollout of a new clean fuel tax credit, and tariffs that up feedstock costs all hurt margins. EPA administrator Lee Zeldin also told a House subcommittee last month the agency wanted "to get caught up as quickly as we can" on a backlog of small refiner requests for program exemptions. Courts took issue with EPA's exemption policy during Trump's first term and again during President Joe Biden's tenure, leaving officials now with dozens of waiver requests covering multiple compliance years still pending. It is unclear whether the rule will provide clarity on EPA's plans for program waivers — including whether the agency will up obligations on other parties to make up for exempt small refiners — but biofuel groups have worried that widespread exemptions would curb demand for their products. The price of Renewable Identification Number (RIN) credits used for program compliance have been volatile this year on rumors about these exemptions, which EPA has called market manipulation. RIN trading picked up and prices rose on the news as Thursday's session began. Bids and offers for 2025 ethanol D6 RINs, the most prevalent type currently trading, began the day at 96¢/RIN and 98¢/RIN, respectively. Deals were struck shortly after at 98¢/RIN and 99¢/RIN, with seller interest at one point reaching 100¢/RIN — well above a 95.5¢/RIN settle on Wednesday. Biomass-based diesel D4 RINs with concurrent vintage followed the same path with sellers holding ground as high as 107¢/RIN. By Cole Martin and Matthew Cope Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

UK ETS emissions fell by 11pc on the year in 2024


25/06/12
25/06/12

UK ETS emissions fell by 11pc on the year in 2024

Seville, 12 June (Argus) — Emissions in sectors covered by the UK emissions trading scheme (ETS) declined by 11.5pc year on year in 2024, data published by the UK ETS authority show, slowing their decline slightly from the previous year. Stationary installations covered by the UK ETS emitted 76.7mn t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), down by 12.9pc from 2023, the data show. But this was offset somewhat by a 2pc increase in aviation emissions to 8.99mn t CO2e. Overall UK ETS emissions now have declined for two consecutive years, having fallen by 12.5pc in 2023. Emissions under the scheme rose by 2.5pc in 2022, as a strong rebound in aviation activity following earlier Covid-19 restrictions outweighed declining stationary emissions. Stationary emissions have decreased in every year since the scheme launched in 2021. The majority of the decline in stationary emissions under the UK ETS last year took place in the power sector, where emissions dropped by 18.2pc to 30.6mn t CO2e. The country's last coal-fired plant, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, closed in September last year. And the share of gas-fired output in the generation mix dipped as wind, solar and biomass production and electricity imports edged higher. Industrial emissions also declined, by 8.9pc to 46.1mn t CO2e. The iron and steel sector posted the largest relative drop of 30pc to 6.54mn t CO2e. Emissions from crude extraction fell by 6.4pc to 6.0mn t CO2e, while emissions from gas extraction, manufacture and distribution activities decreased by 8.9pc to 5.3mn t CO2e. The chemicals sector emitted 2.28mn t CO2e, down by 5.2pc on the year. A total of 43 installations were marked as having surrendered fewer carbon allowances than their cumulative emissions since the launch of the UK ETS, as of 1 May. A further two installations failed to report their emissions by the deadline. "Appropriate enforcement action" will be taken against operators that fail to surrender the required allowances, the UK ETS authority said. Overall greenhouse gas emissions across the UK economy dropped by a smaller 4pc last year, data published by the government in March show. This decline also was driven principally by lower gas and coal use in the power and industry sectors, with smaller declines in transport and agriculture, not covered by the UK ETS, and an increase in buildings emissions, also out of the scheme's scope. Emissions under the EU ETS in 2024 dipped by a projected 4.5pc from a year earlier, based on preliminary data published by the European Commission in April. The UK and EU last month announced that they will "work towards" linking the two systems together. By Victoria Hatherick UK ETS emissions mn t CO2e Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Ice gasoil backwardation widens as supply tightens


25/06/12
25/06/12

Ice gasoil backwardation widens as supply tightens

London, 12 June (Argus) — The premium of front-month Ice gasoil futures against the second-month futures has widened over the past two weeks, reflecting tighter supply. The premium of Ice June futures against the July contract settled at $9.50/t on Wednesday, 11 June. The backwardation — where prompt prices are greater than forward prices — has steepened in the past two weeks, peaking at a premium of $16/t on Tuesday, 10 June, the joint-widest in 14 months along with 11 March. Two weeks ago, on 23 May, the premium settled at $6.50/t. The June contract expires today, which could have contributed to the steepening backwardation as traders close their open positions, according to market participants. But the size of the premium suggests a tightening market. A closed arbitrage from the Mideast Gulf and India since April has reduced supply to Europe, European traders have said. Only 2.97mn t of diesel and other gasoil has arrived in Europe from the Mideast Gulf and India in April and May, according to ship-tracking service Vortexa, compared with about 5.72mn t in the same period last year. The arbitrage has been closed because of relative weakness in European prices compared with those in Singapore. The premium of front-month Ice gasoil futures against Singaporean equivalents averaged $18.65/t in May, compared with $23.81/t in May 2024. Singaporean middle distillate stocks fell to a nine-month low in the week ending 23 April, increasing demand for imports. European diesel values fell sharply at the start of April in response to the implementation of US tariffs, largely because of dampened expectations of industrial performance, and have not recovered. The start of the Mediterranean emissions control area (ECA) at the start of May has also placed strain on European supply of diesel and other gasoil. The ECA requires ships in the Mediterranean to use fuel with a sulphur content of 0.1pc, rather than the previous requirement of 0.5pc. Marine gasoil (MGO) fits the new requirement, as does ultra-low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO). With supply of the latter limited in Europe, the majority of shipowners have switched to MGO. Refineries have probably increased MGO production to meet this new demand, but MGO supply is still "very tight" , a Mediterranean-based marine fuels trader said. Most of the gasoil used for blending in MGO is suitable for desulphurisation and use as road fuel, and so it diversion into marine fuels restricts supply of diesel. Independently-held inventories of diesel and other gasoil at the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA) hub have dropped since the start of April. The four-week average came to about 2.1mn t on 5 June, lower on the year by 8.5pc, according to consultancy Insights Global. On 3 April the four-week average was 5.1pc higher than a year earlier. A recovery in Rhine river water levels in recent weeks , after lows that restricted barge movement inland from ARA, contributed to the stockdraw. By Josh Michalowski Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Malaysia’s oil, gas projects to emit 4bn t GHG: CREA


25/06/12
25/06/12

Malaysia’s oil, gas projects to emit 4bn t GHG: CREA

Singapore, 12 June (Argus) — Malaysia's continued extraction and use of its oil and gas resources could emit around 4bn t of greenhouse gases (GHGs), according to a report by the Helsinki-based Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). Malaysia holds about 9.84bn bl of oil equivalent (boe) in committed fossil fuel reserves, of which 82pc is gas, stated the report, which was written in collaboration with environmental think-tank RimbaWatch. This figure only includes projects with proven reserves that are covered by a production commitment such as production sharing contracts. These committed reserves would also emit an estimated 4.15bn t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), which is equivalent to 13 years of Malaysia's annual emissions. The emissions will also consist of 10.9mn t of methane, which is a much more potent GHG than CO2. Malaysia's remaining commercially recoverable reserves are estimated at over 17bn boe over more than 400 fields, with gas comprising about 75pc of this. Malaysia launched its national energy transition roadmap (NETR) in 2023, detailing initiatives to achieve its 2050 net zero carbon emissions target, such as renewable energy development, hydrogen and carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). The country aims to reduce its economy-wide carbon emissions by 45pc in 2030 compared with 2005 levels, under its nationally determined contribution — climate plan — to meet the goal of the Paris Agreement. But at the same time, the country is seeking to maximise its fossil fuel production to ensure energy security. State-owned Petronas raised its total oil and gas production in 2024 to 2.4mn b/d of oil equivalent (boe/d), up by 1pc on the year. Of this, oil production fell by 4.4pc on the year to 813,000 boe/d, while gas output rose by 3.6pc to 1.64mn boe/d. More than 80pc of Malaysia's power was generated from fossil fuels in 2024. The NETR plans to increase the share of gas in total primary energy supply by 16pc from 2023 to 57pc in 2050, with gas viewed as a transition fuel for decarbonisation. But "referring to gas as sustainable, and claiming that Malaysia can achieve net-zero emissions through growing gas, are oxymorons," stated the report. Petronas' Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions totalled 46.04mn t of CO2e across its Malaysian operations in 2024, surpassing its target of 49.5mn t of CO2e for the year. In comparison, the firm recorded 45.6mn t of Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions in 2023. But the firm's net zero pathway excludes its Scope 3 emissions, which make up about 80pc of a fossil fuel entity's emissions, according to the report. Additionally, its CCUS plans are aimed at enabling sour gas extraction, hence exacerbating fossil fuel production and emissions. Malaysia should instead set a sectoral carbon budget for the domestic energy sector in line with its net zero goals, taking into account both production and consumption, and cement this budget in the country's upcoming Climate Change bill, stated the report. By Prethika Nair Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Mexico’s ASA to play key role in SAF expansion


25/06/10
25/06/10

Mexico’s ASA to play key role in SAF expansion

Mexico City, 10 June (Argus) — State-owned Airports and Auxiliary Services (ASA) will take a central role in developing Mexico's still nascent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) market, with fuel availability becoming one of its top priorities, officials said today. ASA remains the country's main jet fuel supplier, serving 52 airports and covering over 90pc of the domestic market, infrastructure, communications and transportation minister Jesus Esteva said. Speaking at an event marking ASA's 60th anniversary, Esteva said the implementation of SAF is "one of the biggest challenges" the government faces in the aviation sector, and that ASA must lead efforts to expand supply. "ASA aims to boost the use of clean energy, leading the sustainable transition for Mexico's aviation sector through the development and ongoing implementation of SAF," said ASA director Carlos Merino. The initiative seeks to reduce aviation's carbon footprint while maintaining service quality and efficiency, he added. ASA announced last year the launch of a pilot project to blend imported SAF with conventional jet fuel, with a long-term goal of producing SAF entirely in Mexico by 2030. For now, imports — most likely from the US — remain necessary. Mexico is participating in the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Corsia scheme, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international flights. Corsia includes a voluntary phase from 2024-2026, followed by mandatory targets from 2027-2035. Under the scheme, airlines must either use SAF or offset emissions by purchasing carbon credits, with exemptions for underdeveloped countries and those with minimal global air traffic. Sustainability will become increasingly important as Mexico's aviation sector grows, said Miguel Vallin, head of the federal civil aviation agency AFAC. Passenger traffic is projected to rise from 124mn in 2025 to 151mn in 2030 — an average annual increase of 3.3pc. ASA operates 52 jet fuel storage terminals across Mexico, with annual sales of around 5.4bn l (93,000 b/d), Esteva said. The government holds a monopoly over Mexico's jet fuel market, with ASA and state-owned Pemex supplying most of the market, with indirect participation of other companies. Jet fuel was the last oil product market opened to more competition in Mexico after constitutional changes in 2014, but progress stalled under the administration of former president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. Under President Claudia Sheinbaum, the government has kept the jet fuel market under close state oversight. By Cas Biekmann Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Generic Hero Banner

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more