Relator do Combustível do Futuro entrega parecer
O relatório do deputado federal Arnaldo Jardim (Cidadania-SP) para o projeto de lei (PL) do Combustível do Futuro, apresentado nesta segunda-feira (26), traz revisões para a mistura obrigatória de etanol na gasolina e um cronograma para elevação gradual da mescla de biodiesel, entre outras adições.
Originalmente, os termos do projeto enviado pela equipe do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva definiam, junto a outras medidas, a elevação da mistura máxima de etanol anidro na gasolina de 27,5pc para 30pc. O relatório de Jardim fixa o percentual obrigatório em 27pc, mas abre espaço para o executivo elevar este percentual a 35pc, após testes de viabilidade técnica, ou reduzi-lo a 22pc.
O texto ainda institui um Programa Nacional do Biometano e estabelece um mandato de mistura de biodiesel por lei — ambos os setores foram esquecidos no projeto inicial. Jardim contou à Argus em outubro que grandes blocos dentro da indústria de biocombustíveis pediram aos parlamentares para reconsiderarem essas questões no preparo do relatório, que agora foi apresentado na Câmara.
Para o diretor executivo da Frente Parlamentar Mista do Biodiesel (FPBio), João Henrique Hummels, a elevação da mistura obrigatória do biodiesel deve reforçar o esmagamento de soja e gerar mais farelo para alimentar os rebanhos bovinos. Uma política de incentivo à industrialização e aumento da produtividade na cadeia proteica é "positiva" para o setor, afirmou.
O Combustível do Futuro está alinhado com os esforços de Lula para reforçar o uso de energia renovável e biocombustíveis no Brasil, trazendo sob seu guarda-chuva iniciativas anteriores, como a Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (Renovabio). A gestão passada do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro deu pouca prioridade ao programa.
O que há novo?
Algumas das mudanças propostas na segunda-feira:
• Biodiesel: estabelecimento de cronograma de elevação anual do percentual de adição obrigatória no período de 2025 a 2030, de modo a chegar em 20pc, e aumentar para 25pc a partir de 2031. A mescla está hoje em 12pc.
• Biometano: institui um programa para adoção do biometano na matriz de transporte nacional, com um mandato inicial definido em 1pc pelo Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE), que poderia ser ajustado em até 10pc.
• Mistura de anidro na gasolina: fixa em 27pc o percentual obrigatório de adição de anidro à gasolina, ao mesmo tempo em que estabelece que o poder executivo poderá elevá-lo até o limite de 35pc ou reduzi-lo a 22pc, dos atuais 18pc-27,5pc. O tão discutido aumento da mistura poderia ajudar a aumentar a demanda por etanol no mercado interno. Já uma redução poderia ser feita em caso de preços altos ou escassez de oferta
• Petrobras: autoriza a estatal a incluir no seu objeto social as atividades vinculadas à energia, bem como as atividades relacionadas à movimentação e estocagem de dióxido de carbono, à transição energética e à economia de baixo carbono, em linha com os planos da empresa de adotar uma atuação mais "verde". O estatuto da Petrobras não incluía tais atividades antes.
Próximos passos
O Combustível do Futuro precisa ser aprovado pelas duas casas no Congresso e sancionado por Lula para ser transformado em lei. O PL foi apensado a um projeto semelhante de autoria do deputado Alceu Moreira, que tramita em caráter emergencial.
A FPBio disse que apoiará o rito de aprovação do texto, que conta também com apoio do presidente da Câmara, Arthur Lira, segundo Jardim disse à Argus no ano passado, o que também pode acelerar sua aprovação.
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