Brazil real closes strongest to dollar since October

Market: Agriculture, Natural gas, Oil products
06/06/25

The Brazilian real closed today at its strongest level to the US dollar since October, boosted by central bank tightening as well as a weakening greenback globally.

The real ended the trading session at R5.559 to the greenback at the end of the session, its strongest since 2 October. The real has strengthened by 11.1pc to the US dollar since 31 December.

The real has been gaining ground on the US dollar since 19 December 2024, when it reached a historical low of R6.29/$1 due to domestic fiscal concerns at the same time as the US dollar was strengthening globally. But a government spending cut package eased market sentiment. Additionally, the central bank in May raised its target interest rate by 0.5 percentage point to 14.25pc, its sixth since September, as the bank moved to boost a real that depreciated by 21.5pc over the course of 2024.

Even as the real has strengthened this year, partly thanks to central bank tightening, inflation has risen to 5.53pc in April from 4.42pc in September, according to government statistics agency IBGE.

The DXY dollar index, which tracks the greenback against six other major trading currencies, has fallen from a more than two-year high of 110.19 in mid-January to 99 on Friday, near its lowest in more than three years amid mounting uncertainty over  US president Donald Trump's on again-off again tariff levies and his spending and tax bill that is expected to boost the US deficit has rattled bond markets and weakened the dollar.

By Lucas Parolin

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23/06/25

Iran raises Hormuz closure threat after US strikes

Dubai, 23 June (Argus) — A senior Iranian lawmaker says parliament has concluded that the strait of Hormuz "should be closed" in response to US airstrikes on three nuclear sites early Sunday — a move that would severely disrupt global oil flows. Esmaeil Kowsari — a member of the national security and foreign policy commission, and a former high-ranking commander in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) — told state-owned Press TV that lawmakers had reached a consensus that closure would be the appropriate response. Argus understands that while members of parliament were all in agreement, the issue was not formally put to a vote. Kowsari said the final decision lies with the Supreme National Security Council, Iran's top security body. His comments have drawn global attention as markets await Iran's response to the strikes, which US president Donald Trump ordered against nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan. The Fordow site is heavily fortified and located underground. The Natanz facility had already been targeted by Israeli strikes, prompting a series of retaliatory missile and drone exchanges between Iran and Israel. Iranian officials, including supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had repeatedly warned Washington that any direct military action would trigger a response causing "irreparable" harm to the US. . Variety of options The strait of Hormuz is the world's most critical oil transit route, with around 17mn b/d of crude and refined products — roughly a quarter of global seaborne oil trade — passing through it. Iran has repeatedly threatened to close the strait in past confrontations but has never followed through. It has, however, previously targeted or seized vessels transiting the waterway, prompting some shipowners to consider alternative routes. Closure of the strait is one of several retaliatory options regularly floated by Iranian political and military leaders. Others include military strikes on US bases across the Mideast Gulf. The US maintains installations in Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Asked whether closing the strait was under consideration, Iranian foreign minister Abbas Araqchi declined to confirm, saying only that "there are a variety of options available to us". Araqchi travelled to Moscow late on Sunday and is expected to meet Russian president Vladimir Putin on Monday. Moscow has condemned the US strikes. Ali Akbar Velayati, a long-time adviser to Khamenei, also issued a veiled threat to Washington, saying: "West Asia is not Greenland, and the strait of Hormuz is fundamentally different from the Panama Canal." The comment referenced earlier threats by Trump to assert US control over Greenland and the Panama Canal during the early days of his second term. US secretary of state Marco Rubio warned that any attempt by Iran to close the strait would be "a terrible mistake." "It's economic suicide for them if they do it, and we retain options to deal with that," he said. By Nader Itayim Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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US bombs nuclear sites in Iran: Update

22/06/25

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22/06/25

US bombs nuclear sites in Iran: Update

Updates with remarks from President Donald Trump Washington, 21 June (Argus) — The US conducted air strikes on three nuclear facilities in Iran, President Donald Trump said Saturday evening. US bombers targeted the heavily fortified, underground facility at Fordow and sites at Natanz and Isfahan, Trump said on his social media platform. "The strikes were a spectacular military success," Trump said in a televised address Saturday night. "Iran's key nuclear enrichment facilities have been completely and totally obliterated. Iran, the bully of the Middle East, must now make peace. If they do not, future attacks will be far greater and a lot easier." Trump waited until after the US planes had left Iranian airspace before making the announcement. Israel's air and missile strikes, underway since 13 June, had already targeted those three facilities, in addition to some domestic energy infrastructure and urban areas across Iran. UN nuclear watchdog the IAEA on Friday warned of potential nuclear safety hazards from the ongoing Israeli attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities and cautioned Israel against targeting Iran's Busherh nuclear power plant and a nuclear research laboratory in Tehran. Washington-based military experts assessed that only the US Air Force had the right type of munitions to destroy Fordow. Involving the US in the Israel-Iran war is a watershed moment for Trump's presidency. Trump in the past decade has often lambasted his predecessors for involving the US in costly and fruitless military adventures in the Middle East. But he has changed his tune since the beginning of Israel's offensive on Iran, claiming that eliminating Iran's nuclear program was worth the US involvement. Trump, in his televised address, referenced the US' killing of senior Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani in January 2020 — the last time US and Iranian forces directly exchanged fire. Tehran's response at that time involved missile attacks on US bases in Iraq that wounded more than 100 US military personnel, but drew no heavy US retaliation. The markets will closely watch Tehran's reaction to the US air strikes. Even before the US bombing raids, Trump's public musings about a possible US role in Israel's campaign against Iran in the past week spurred the oil industry and shipping sectors to increase the risk premiums embedded in their calculations. Most immediately at stake are Iran's 2.5mn b/d of crude, condensate and products exports, which mostly head to China. Oil markets are also concerned about the risk of contagion if Israel and the US draw retaliatory attacks elsewhere in the Mideast Gulf or jeopardize shipping through the strait of Hormuz — the global oil market's single most vulnerable chokepoint, through which pass about 17mn b/d of crude and products, or about a quarter of seaborne oil trade. By Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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US bombs nuclear sites in Iran

22/06/25

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22/06/25

US bombs nuclear sites in Iran

Washington, 21 June (Argus) — The US conducted air strikes on three nuclear facilities in Iran, President Donald Trump said Saturday evening. The US bombers targeted the heavily fortified, underground facility at Fordow and sites at Natanz and Isfahan, Trump said on his social media platform. He said he would make a televised address at 10pm ET Saturday "regarding our very successful military operation in Iran". "A full payload of BOMBS was dropped on the primary site, Fordow," Trump said. Trump waited until after the US planes had left Iranian airspace before making the announcement. Israel's air and missile strikes, underway since 13 June, already targeted those three facilities, in addition to some domestic energy infrastructure and urban areas across Iran. UN nuclear watchdog the IAEA on Friday warned of potential nuclear safety hazards from the ongoing Israeli attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities and cautioned Israel against targeting Iran's Busherh nuclear power plant and a nuclear research laboratory in Tehran. Washington-based military experts assessed that only the US Air Force had the right type of munitions to destroy Fordow. Involving the US in the Israel-Iran war is a watershed moment for Trump's presidency. Trump in the past decade often lambasted his predecessors for involving the US in costly and fruitless military adventures in the Middle East. But he has changed his tune since the beginning of Israel's offensive on Iran, claiming that eliminating Iran's nuclear program was worth the US involvement. Trump's public musings about a possible US role in Israel's campaign against Iran in the past week spurred the oil industry and shipping sectors to increase the risk premiums embedded in their calculations. Trump since 13 June alternatively held out the prospect of diplomacy and discussed killing senior Iranian leaders. Even today, after the US air strikes, Trump posted that "NOW IS THE TIME FOR PEACE!". The markets will closely watch Tehran's reaction to the US air strikes. Most immediately at stake are Iran's 2.5mn b/d of crude, condensate and products exports, which mostly head to China. Oil markets are also concerned about the risk of contagion if Israel and the US draw retaliatory attacks elsewhere in the Mideast Gulf or jeopardize shipping through the strait of Hormuz — the global oil market's single most vulnerable chokepoint, through which pass about 17mn b/d of crude and products, or about a quarter of seaborne oil trade. By Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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Iran’s refineries at risk in escalating conflict

20/06/25

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20/06/25

Iran’s refineries at risk in escalating conflict

Iran would probably have to curtail products exports and turn to the import markets if its refineries are attacked, write Ieva Paldaviciute and Nader Itayim Dubai, 20 June (Argus) — Key oil and gas production and export facilities have stayed out of the firing line a week into the conflict between Tehran and Tel Aviv, bringing a degree of relief to global markets. But the targeting of downstream assets by both sides has raised the spectre of looming domestic fuel shortages if the conflict endures. No Iranian crude refineries have been hit yet in the Israeli strikes that, for the most part, have focused on key military and nuclear-related infrastructure and personnel. But strikes on two gas processing facilities in the south of the country and two products storage facilities on the outskirts of Tehran suggest refineries, or condensate splitters, soon could be affected. Iran retaliated by attacking Israel's 197,000 b/d Haifa refinery on 15 June, damaging is power supply system. The plant initially continued crude processing while shutting some secondary units, but it fully halted operations on 17 June. Iran has nearly 2mn b/d of crude refining capacity spread across nine facilities, which rises to about 2.4mn b/d when including the 360,000 b/d Persian Gulf Star condensate splitter in Bandar Abbas, on the Mideast Gulf coast. This is up from below 1.9mn b/d a decade ago, after capacity additions at the 58,000 b/d Shiraz, 630,000 b/d Abadan and 220,000 b/d Tehran refineries, among others. Iran nevertheless has grappled with a severe products imbalance in recent years, driven primarily by a fast increase in its domestic fuel consumption. Although operations at all refineries remain unimpeded, the conflict has triggered a frenzy of fuel buying by Iranians, particularly in Tehran, with Israel warning residents to leave the city as it intensifies its bombing campaign. If any refining infrastructure is hit, Iran may quickly have to halt products exports to ensure that domestic supply can be met. Iran is a net exporter of fuel oil and naphtha, but its position as a gasoline and gasoil exporter has diminished in recent years owing to its fast-growing domestic demand. The reimposition of US sanctions on Iran by US president Donald Trump during his first term in 2018 and his "maximum pressure" campaign on Tehran at the start of his second term in January have only added pressure to its products trade. Iranian naphtha is shipped mainly to the UAE, where it is used as a gasoline blendstock. Iran exported about 116,000 b/d of naphtha in January-May, data from consultancy FGE show, down by 12pc from its 2024 exports. Transfer news Iranian fuel oil typically makes its way to floating storage hubs in Asia-Pacific, often after multiple ship-to-ship transfers designed to obscure its origin. Some cargoes are then re-exported to China and bought by independent refiners as feedstock fuel. Fuel oil exports stood at 252,000 b/d in the first five months of this year, down from 264,000 b/d last year. Iran has had to turn to imports to bridge the gap between its gasoline production of about 660,000 b/d and average consumption of 780,000 b/d during the Iranian year to 20 March 2025, according to state-owned refiner NIORDC. Iran's diesel production has also been playing catch-up, with heavily subsidised consumption exacerbated by fuel smuggling to neighbouring countries. Iran still exported 42,000 b/d of diesel this year, according to FGE, but this is less than half of the 102,000 b/d it exported last year. The Haifa refinery is a key supplier to Israel's domestic market but it also exported about 12,000 b/d of diesel and gasoil, and 13,000 b/d of fuel oil in January-May, mostly to neighbouring countries in the Mediterranean. A prolonged shutdown could result in Israel turning to products imports, pressuring supply chains in the Mediterranean. Israel aims to restart the plant within weeks. Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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Egypt’s diesel imports rise as Israeli gas halt bites

20/06/25

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20/06/25

Egypt’s diesel imports rise as Israeli gas halt bites

Dubai, 20 June (Argus) — Egypt is ramping up diesel imports to keep its power plants running after Israel halted pipeline natural gas supply in response to its ongoing conflict with Iran. The country is on track to receive 354,000 b/d of diesel and other gasoil in June, according to preliminary data from Vortexa. Kpler estimates a lower volume of 275,000 b/d. By comparison, Egypt imported an average of 217,000 b/d in 2024, both firms show. More than 60pc of this month's imports are coming from Saudi Arabia, primarily from the Red Sea ports of Yanbu and Jizan. These cargoes benefit from proximity and a freight advantage, as they can reach Egypt while avoiding the security risks in the Bab el-Mandeb strait. The surge in diesel demand follows Israel's suspension of gas exports to Egypt and Jordan on 13 June, after it shut production at the Leviathan and Karish gas fields in response to an escalation in its conflict with Iran. On the same day, Egypt's energy ministry announced it had halted gas supply to some industrial users and instructed power plants to burn diesel in the "maximum available quantity". Egypt is seeking to ensure adequate power generation during the onset of the summer cooling season. Its need to replace lost gas supply with diesel is adding pressure to an already tight European diesel market . Already structurally short of diesel, Europe has faced reduced inflows from the Mideast Gulf and India since April, while US shipments have been limited. Diesel values and refining margins in Europe have shot up in the past week as supply concerns mount and freight rates rise. The Mediterranean market is particularly tight following the introduction of a new International Maritime Organisation emissions control area (ECA) in May. The ECA requires ships to use fuel with a maximum sulphur content of 0.1pc, down from 0.5pc. Marine gasoil (MGO) and ultra-low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO) meet the new standard. But much of the gasoil used in MGO blending is also suitable for desulphurisation and road fuel use, so its diversion into marine fuels is tightening diesel supply. Egypt could also turn to fuel oil for power generation, which may further increase MGO demand and tighten the Mediterranean diesel market. Meanwhile, repair and maintenance work at Israel's two refineries has placed additional strain on diesel and other gasoil supply in the Mediterranean. The 197,000 b/d Haifa refinery was shut on 16 June after being damaged in an Iranian missile strike, and the Ashdod refinery entered partial scheduled maintenance on the same day. Egypt is due to install two additional floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs) by the end of June. The added LNG import capacity could help offset the loss of Israeli gas and ease diesel demand. By Ieva Paldaviciute and Josh Michalowski Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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