G20 leaders endorsed an infrastructure investment plan for Africa during last month's summit, writes Waldemar Jaszczyk
South Africa succeeded in making access to clean cooking in Africa a defining issue of its G20 presidency following the summit in the country late last month, after leaders endorsed an infrastructure investment plan for the continent. But a combination of supply shortages and logistical bottlenecks are derailing the LPG market's expansion at home.
The G20 leaders' declaration, adopted on 22 November at the summit in Johannesburg, launched the Voluntary Infrastructure Investment Action Plan to close the clean cooking access gap in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides the strongest political recognition to date of the clean cooking crisis in Africa, with explicit inclusion of LPG as a part of the solution. The group acknowledged access to such fuels as a global energy challenge, expressing deep alarm over 2mn deaths a year caused on the continent from indoor air pollution from traditional fuel use. All countries bar the US backed the plan.
The plan outlines a set of voluntary measures required to scale up investment in fuels, infrastructure and last-mile distribution of clean cooking fuels, noting that 75pc of those in sub-Saharan Africa that gained access to clean cooking in the past five years was through LPG. It calls for African governments to align their energy and fiscal policies with clean cooking goals by elevating it as a national priority.
Donor states were encouraged to increase concessional financing, with additional funding coming through long-term carbon credit offtake agreements and mobilising the private sector. The group also suggests establishing an infrastructure investment fund and risk-sharing instruments to increase lending to clean cooking companies. The World Liquid Gas Association (WLGA) calls the declaration a major opportunity to anchor LPG in clean cooking policy, financing, and development pathways across the continent.
Standing elevation
It was the first time clean cooking in Africa was elevated as a standing discussion item at a G20 summit. But South Africa's successes in this regard fails to reflect its struggles to transition to LPG at home, panellists said at the G20 Africa Energy Investment Forum held the previous day in Johannesburg. Refinery closures and a fragmented transport network have constrained LPG market growth despite demand being relatively modest at under 500,000 t/yr, state-owned PetroSA interim chief executive Sesakho Magadla said. Domestic LPG output almost halved to 123,000t in 2024 from 235,000t in 2020, Argus Consulting data show, following the closure of Engen's 105,000 b/d and Sapref's 180,000 b/d refineries near Durban. This has left the market entirely dependent on imports, which grew by 140pc to 589,000t over the four years to 2024.
Getting the refineries back online to reduce imports is a priority, Magadla said. Restoring PetroSA's 45,000 b/d gas-to-liquids plant at Mossel Bay has faced "competition challenges" but is back on track after the government began seeking new partners to revive the site. The plant has been idle since 2020 and was a major domestic LPG supplier. State-owned oil firm SANPC is restarting the Sapref refinery in Durban and expects to redeploy its storage infrastructure this year.
Logistical bottlenecks are also preventing large parts of the country receiving supply. PetroSA plans to improve rail links — particularly from Saldanha Bay— to ease congestion and move LPG at scale. Saldanha Bay hosts Sunrise Energy's 210,000 t/yr LPG import terminal and could soon be joined by state-owned Strategic Fuel Fund's planned 192,000 t/yr facility. The Western Cape province remains reliant on imports and faces chronic shortages during peak winter demand.
Another challenge for the region is import capacity limitations, trading firm Petredec said. This problem, as well as poor logistics, add about a 10-20pc premium to delivered prices, or $100/t outright, the IEA said. Africa urgently needs infrastructure capable of handling higher volumes, including terminals that can receive VLGCs, Petredec communications head Tamsin Donaldson said.
