Economic activity in the US manufacturing sector expanded in January for the first time in a year, as new orders and production surged following 26 months of contraction for the factory segment.
The manufacturing purchasing managers' index (PMI) rose to 52.6 in January, up from 47.9 in December, according to the Institute for Supply Management (ISM). Readings above 50 signal growth while readings below that level signify contraction. The January reading was the highest since February 2022, and the first expansion reading since January 2025.
ISM's new manufacturing orders index rose to 57.1 in January from 47.4 in December, while the production index rose to 55.9 from 50.7.
New export orders rose to 50.2 from 46.8 in December. Imports rose to 50 from 44.6.
President Donald Trump's heavy use of tariffs in the past year to wrest trade and other concessions from trading partners, allies and adversaries alike, has skewed trade flows, corporate planning and investment decisions, especially among manufacturers.
"Confused and uninformed tariff policies continue to plague small companies, making long-term planning pointless," a fabricated metal products executive said in comments in the survey. "Companies are not making capital commitments beyond 30 days."
While the January results show signs of improvement, underlying conditions continue to be troubling, according to other survey respondents.
"Business conditions remain soft as we continue to miss sales, orders and profits as result of increased costs from tariffs, continued fallout from the government shutdown, and increased global uncertainty," a miscellaneous manufacturing executive said.
The employment index rose to 48.1 in January, signaling a slowing pace of contraction, from 44.8 in December.
The price index edged higher to 59 from 58.5.
The inventories index rose to 47.6 in January from 45.7, signaling diminishing pace of contraction. Order backlogs rose to 51.6 from 45.8.
Services, the largest part of the economy, expanded in December, marking a tenth month of expansion, according to ISM's December survey. ISM will report the services PMI in two days

