Europe has lost a significant share of its oil refining capacity over the past two decades. While closures have supported margins for the refineries that remain, they have also removed the spare capacity that once softened market shocks. The result is a structurally more volatile market for refined products, at a time when costs, regulation and geopolitics continue to reshape the industry.
This insight paper examines why Europe’s refining base has shrunk, how that is changing price behaviour, and what it means for refiners, traders and policy makers in the years ahead.
Read this insight paper to discover:
- Why European product prices and margins have become more volatile — and why that volatility is likely to persist
- Which types of refineries have been most vulnerable to closure, and which have proved more resilient
- How energy costs, carbon pricing and environmental policy are reshaping refinery economics
- Whether future demand trends could slow, stop or reverse refinery capacity cuts

