Global steam cracker operating rates have been trending downward from 89pc in 2018 to 79pc in 2023, driven by the combination of high-capacity increase and slower economic growth in recent years.
In Argus's latest Ethylene Analytics, a recovery is forecast to take place in the coming years as the recent wave of new capacity cools off, absorbing demand growth before the second wave of capacity addition outgrows demand from 2027-2029. This recovery is based on a modelled assumption of modest growth in the global economy and a slowdown in capacity expansion. Historically, olefins demand growth has trended in line with GDP growth on a global basis; in recent years this relationship has disconnected. This was a result of the imbalance between the service and manufacturing industries, but we anticipate the trend will revert sooner or later moving forward.
The petrochemical industry is experiencing high levels of upcoming capacity over the next five years. On a global level, ethylene and propylene capacity is expected to increase by 47.4mn t (4pc) and 44.0mn t (5pc), respectively, over the next five years while global capacity growth from 2018 to 2023 averaged at 4.5pc/yr for both ethylene and propylene. Most investment in ethylene production has gone into steam crackers where ethylene is the main product and propylene is produced as a co-product. Propylene will see a high-capacity increase from not only steam crackers but also from propane dehydrogenation (PDH) projects, which will delay the recovery of global propylene operating rates.
The first wave of ethylene capacity addition is cooling off, but a second wave is expected to kick off in 2026. However, propylene is currently undergoing its wave of capacity addition before seeing a slowdown from 2028 onward. On the propylene side of the olefins chain, 50pc of the upcoming capacity will come from PDH, 34pc from steam crackers and the rest will be a combination of sources from refinery, coal, and methanol.
Operating rates in all regions are being negatively impacted by the combination of high-capacity increase and slower global economic growth. Olefins demand has experienced slower growth over the past two years, with negative growth in 2022 as a result of high inflation and lower consumer spending.
Based on current market fundamentals there have been project delays across most regions and also rationalisation from uncompetitive units. With steam crackers running at lower-than-normal operating rates, rationalization of capacities is a significant unknown as what assets are to shut down are dependent on many factors such as company financials, politics, and integration factors. This makes the rationalization of specific units tough to predict.
As western nations are experiencing slower GDP growth, developing nations will be the key regions for olefins growth. We are seeing a slowdown in Chinese and northeast Asian GDP, but south Asian GDP has been holding strong. Polymer demand, which accounts for more than half of olefins consumption will be the main driver of olefins demand (65pc of ethylene gets consumed into PE and 71pc of propylene gets consumed into PP globally). From a supply perspective, 17pc (8mn t) of all upcoming cracker projects have yet to start construction, which will give operating rates a boost if delayed. Given the slowdown in global economic growth in the past two years, high interest rates, and inflation, the overall outlook is fairly bearish. Consumer spending, household disposable income, economic growth, project timelines, and rationalization from uncompetitive production facilities will be the main indicators of how quickly it will take for operating rates to recover.


Current announced projects
In the past five years, most steam cracker capacity increases took place in China and the trend is expected to persist over the next five years based on announced projects, but most regions are investing. Other Asian countries such as India, South Korea, Vietnam, and Indonesia are also investing. A total of 25.6mn t and 32.9mn t of ethylene and propylene capacity is expected to come online in China over the next five years. Below is the summary of upcoming stream cracker projects globally.
Chinese projects that are currently under construction include Wanhua Chemial, Yulongdao Refining & Petrochemical, Sinopec, Jilin Petrochemical and more. Joint venture steam cracker projects in China between domestic producers and multinational corporations have also started construction which includes Sabic-Fujian Petrochemical, Ineos Sinopec Tianjin, Shell CNOOC Petrochemical, BASF Zhanjiang, and ExxonMobil. These projects will increase ethylene capacity by 21.8mn t over the upcoming five years. Asian nations excluding China includes S-oil South Korea, Hindustan Petroleum India, Lotte Chemical Indonesia have also started construction which totals 5.2mn t of ethylene capacity.
Borouge, SATORP and a joint venture between CP Chem and Qatar Energy in the Middle East are also investing in new crackers with a total capacity addition of 5.2mn t. In Europe, Ineos Project One and PKN Orlen have announced projects while Sabic UK invested in a green project. The Sabic project involves restarting and converting its current cracker to run on hydrogen.
Russia has steam cracker projects slated to start up in the five-year span, including Nizhnekamskneftekhim, Irkutsk Oil, Baltic Chemical, and Amur GCC while Uzbekistan has also announced an expansion from Gas Chemical Complex. North America has three projects slated to come on over the next five years that will increase its capacity by 3.6mn t. North American projects include Shintech US, Joint venture CP Chem Qatar Energy, and Dow in Canada.
Argus’s Ethylene Analytics includes a global plant-level capacity dataset detailing expected project timelines.
Author: Dhanish Kalayarasu
Date: 15/05/2024
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Petrocuyo dismisses Ensenada shutdown speculation
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Sao Paulo, 21 August (Argus) — Argentinian polypropylene (PP) producer Petrocuyo has denied market rumors that its Ensenada plant will shut down indefinitely, saying the facility is scheduled only for a routine maintenance turnaround expected to last around two to three weeks. A company source told Argus that reports circulating in the market about a broader production stoppage were "totally incorrect" and stressed that the company was planning only a short maintenance outage. The source added that Petrocuyo has sufficient inventories to cover customer requirements and does not expect any significant impact on sales or regional supply during the maintenance period. The clarification comes amid heightened market speculation over the status of the Ensenada facility, given the importance of the facility within Argentina's polypropylene supply chain. According to the company source, operations outside the planned turnaround continue normally and the producer is not undertaking any extraordinary measures beyond its usual maintenance activities. The market reaction reflects broader uncertainty across the global polymers industry. Polypropylene producers in Latin America continue to face pressure from weak demand growth, abundant international supply and aggressive competition from imported material, particularly from Asia. These conditions have compressed margins across the value chain and fueled concerns whenever production outages emerge in the region. For Petrocuyo, however, the maintenance appears to be operational rather than structural. The company source said inventory levels remain adequate and downplayed the likelihood of any meaningful disruption to the market. The source also suggested that some of the rumors may stem from misinterpretations of routine maintenance activities in an environment already marked by oversupply and intense competition. Market participants are expected to continue monitoring the outage closely, given Petrocuyo's position as Argentina's sole polypropylene producer. While the Ensenada site is an important supplier of homopolymer PP to the domestic market, the company also operates its Luján de Cuyo plant in Mendoza, which remains in operation and produces a broader range of polypropylene grades. By Fred Fernandes Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Europe PE: Market awaits clearer direction for Sep
Europe PE: Market awaits clearer direction for Sep
London, 21 August (Argus) — The European polyethylene (PE) market was calm this week as the summer lull continued to weigh on trading activity. Many market participants were away from their desks, with seasonal holiday closures at many converters' plants also reducing prompt restocking needs – with pockets of prebuying in July also covering some buyers' requirements for August and early September. Many buyers remain in a wait-and-see mode awaiting clearer direction for September pricing. Seasonal restocking activity is expected to pick up in September, and has kept many sellers optimistic of targeting increases in PE prices in the coming weeks. Some sellers have reported pre-buying demand for September from converters looking to hedge against any increases in short term prices. But the demand picture is expected to become clearer in the coming weeks on whether any meaningful support to fundamentals is seen, which could help PE producers widen margins. Upstream crude prices firmed this week after the memorandum of understanding between the US and Iran lapsed, and with vessel traffic through the strait of Hormuz dropping to a record low. Naphtha prompt's price also rose to €675/t on 20 August, from €650/t on 14 August. Naphtha has so far averaged €11/t lower in August – compared with the July average of €656/t – but could moderate to just a €2/t decrease in the average by the end of the month. This backdrop will set the stage for next week's negotiations of feedstock ethylene's September monthly contract price (MCP). Conditions remain challenging in many downstream value chains, which has kept converters mostly err on the side of caution. Import arbitrages remain workable from the US for HDPE and LLDPE grades, and have continued to set the spot price floor in the European market. And with spot prices remaining at wide gaps to contract prices, some buyers held the view of limited upside risk on PE pricing and keeping procurement confined to a need-to basis. Some reports were also heard of competitive offers from the Middle East but logistical bottlenecks persist on shipping from Red Sea ports – particularly with vessel congestion at the port of Jeddah. Converters are also mindful of inventory risks further ahead in the fourth quarter in case of any bearish developments in pricing. There have been some differences between the PE grades, however, with some strengthening seen in LDPE fundamentals. A producer in the Netherlands was heard to have declared force majeure on LDPE supplies earlier in August, which has resulted in tighter supplies on the part of other sellers. Some producers reported being sold out on LDPE volumes for delivery August. And with LDPE supply dynamics being more domestic in the European market, this could continue to lend support to LDPE prices going into September. Low water levels in the Rhine and Danube rivers have continued to affect operating rates at many crackers and polymer plants inland in Europe. Outages persist at some PE plants in central-eastern Europe, and force majeure on supplies remain in place from some plants in that region. This has contributed in keeping PE prices in central-eastern Europe at a premium to northwest Europe and the Mediterranean regions. Against the backdrop of ethylene's August MCP settling at a €42.50/t increase from the July MCP, some PE producers sought as much as €100/t increases in their freely negotiated PE contract prices. Buyers pushed back against any increases in their freely negotiated PE contract prices, arguing these remain disconnected to spot prices and the global market. Settlements were reported in wide ranges, but were concluded at price rollovers in many cases – except for LDPE grades. Some producers reported settlements at increases matching the increase in ethylene's August MCP, while steeper increases of up to €100/t were also reported for LDPE grades. Some buyers also reported securing €20-30/t decreases in their freely negotiated HDPE and LLDPE contract prices, in instances where underlying prices were relatively high. Negotiations are ongoing in some cases for LDPE and LLDPE contracts. For all HDPE grades, the Argus deltas for August were assessed at rollovers. For LDPE and LLDPE butene, the Argus deltas for August will be assessed next week. Spot prices of all HDPE grades and of LLDPE butene were assessed stable this week. It remains to be seen if sellers' targets of securing higher prices for September-delivery volumes come to fruition in the coming weeks. The spot price of LDPE was assessed €50/t higher at €1,200-1,300/t ddp northwest Europe. Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Pyrolysis can optimise: CRE
Pyrolysis can optimise: CRE
The cost gap between circular and virgin polymers will narrow over time, but only with investment and regulatory change London, 21 August (Argus) — Pyrolysis yields will improve as the industry matures, boosting availability of circular polymers and reducing the cost gap to virgin polymers, industry association Chemical Recycling Europe (CRE) president and Dutch technology company BlueAlp chief executive Valentijn de Neve tells Argus. "We've already come a long way by influencing the process conditions that mean you minimise gas production, maximise oil production and integrate gas fractions into downstream units to make sure they do not become fuels but become materials," de Neve says. Recouping plastic-derived pyrolysis oil from char and bitumen fractions produced by pyrolysis units, or using them as a standalone product, can also help, he adds. 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Texas court authorizes Braskem Idesa funding
Texas court authorizes Braskem Idesa funding
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