Brasil pode importar mais fertilizante em 2022

  • Market: Fertilizers
  • 25/07/22

As importações brasileiras de fertilizantes em 2022 podem se igualar ou até superar as do ano anterior, após um aumento das negociações nos primeiros seis meses do ano e estimativas mais altas para o segundo semestre.

As importações brasileiras aumentaram quase 15pc no primeiro semestre de 2022, para 21,1 milhões de toneladas (t), ante 18,5 milhões de t um ano antes, de acordo com dados de lineup da agência Unimar. Se esse ritmo persistir, as importações totais de 2022 podem superar as 45,6 milhões de t entregues no ano passado.

Historicamente, o Brasil recebe a maior parte de suas importações de fertilizantes durante o segundo semestre. Nos últimos cinco anos, os portos brasileiros receberam, em média, 16 milhões de t de fertilizantes no primeiro semestre e 21 milhões de t, no segundo.

Importadores brasileiros intensificaram as compras de fertilizantes de janeiro a junho de 2022, depois que o conflito na Ucrânia gerou preocupações sobre a disponibilidade global, o que levou participantes de mercado a estimar uma queda de cerca de 10pc nas importações brasileiras em 2022. A disponibilidade de fertilizantes russos foi uma das principais preocupações, já que o país respondeu por cerca de 20pc das importações brasileiras de 2021. A participação foi ainda maior nas importações de cloreto de potássio (28pc) e nitrato de amônio (98pc).

Nesse cenário, participantes de mercado acreditavam que os fertilizantes russos teriam um desconto com relação a outras regiões. Mas as ofertas de venda russas ficaram em linha com outras origens tradicionais, como Marrocos, Canadá e China.

Os fornecedores russos enfrentaram opções de mercado limitadas em meio a sanções impostas principalmente por Estados Unidos e União Europeia. Mas a disponibilidade de fertilizantes na Rússia não tem sido um problema para os brasileiros. Pelo contrário, as importações russas no primeiro semestre de 2022 subiram para 4,5 milhões de t, ante 4,2 milhões de t, aumento de 5pc em relação ao mesmo período do ano passado.

Essa deve ser a toada nos próximos meses, já que pelo menos 1,3 milhão de t de fertilizantes russos devem chegar aos portos brasileiros até setembro, de acordo com a Unimar. O volume é semelhante a 1,6 milhão de t entregues pela Rússia ao Brasil no mesmo período de 2021. Os fertilizantes russos respondem por mais de 30pc das 4 milhões de t já programadas até setembro e podem aumentar nesse meio tempo, porque as estimativas de lineups podem mudar.

Embora a oferta não tenha sido um problema no Brasil, os armazéns cheios podem ser um obstáculo para os importadores. Considerando que há pouca atividade no mercado interno, o que pode manter os armazéns cheios por um período indeterminado, alguns importadores avaliam realocar navios para portos menos tradicionais de descarga de fertilizantes. No primeiro semestre do ano, portos de descarga de fertilizantes não tradicionais como São Luís e Imbituba, no Maranhão e Santa Catarina, registraram aumento na movimentação de fertilizantes.


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