Câmara aprova PL Combustível do Futuro
A Câmara dos Deputados aprovou o Projeto de Lei (PL) Combustível do Futuro na noite de ontem, abrindo caminho para o texto seguir para o Senado.
O governo do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva apresentou o pacote de transição energética em setembro, como parte de esforços de descarbonização para expandir o uso de renováveis e reduzir as emissões no país.
A indústria de biocombustíveis celebrou o progresso do projeto no Congresso. "A decisão vai inaugurar uma série de investimentos em novos biocombustíveis, ao mesmo tempo que garante os avanços já consolidados com o etanol e o biodiesel", afirmou a Associação dos Produtores de Biocombustíveis do Brasil (Aprobio).
"Este projeto vai estimular a agroindustrialização do interior do Brasil, já que o agronegócio está na base da produção dos biocombustíveis", disse a Frente Parlamentar Mista do Biodiesel (FPBio).
O PL posicionará os biocombustíveis no topo dos caminhos possíveis para a descarbonização, de acordo a União Nacional do Etanol de Milho (Unem).
"Também representa um passo significativo para o avanço de projetos de captura e armazenamento de carbono [CCS, na sigla em inglês], contribuindo para o avanço seguro e eficaz dessas iniciativas", disse Isabela Morbach, presidente do CCS Brasil, um centro de pesquisas especializado no setor.
As diretrizes estabelecidas incluem "ações que darão tração a inovações fundamentais com bioenergia na mobilidade, no setor de gás, na indústria aérea e nos processos de produção de biocombustíveis", ecoou a União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar e Bioenergia (Unica).
A aprovação também é vista como um passo importante para o setor da aviação cumprir metas de redução de emissão de CO2, segundo a Associação Brasileira das Empresas Aéreas (Abear).
Ainda não há data para a votação do Combustível do Futuro no Senado.
Principais pontos do relatório aprovado
Mescla do etanol na gasolina: fixa em 27pc o percentual obrigatório de adição de anidro à gasolina, ao mesmo tempo em que estabelece que o poder executivo poderá elevá-lo até o limite de 35pc ou reduzi-lo a 22pc, dos atuais 18pc-27,5pc. Uma redução pode ser feita em caso de preços altos ou escassez de oferta.
Biodiesel: aumenta, gradualmente, o mandato obrigatório de mistura do biodiesel para 20pc até 2030, ante os atuais 14pc. O novo piso será de 13pc, alta em relação aos 6pc de hoje. Também estabelece que crescimentos acima de 15pc dependerão de "viabilidade técnica comprovada" e autoriza o Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE) a elevar o mix para 25pc a partir de 2031.
Biometano: o projeto propõe um programa nacional para incorporar o biometano na matriz de combustíveis do Brasil, com um mandato começando em 1pc em janeiro de 2026. O CNPE pode ajudar essa porcentagem até 10pc. Entretanto, a meta pode ser alterada em situações excepcionais como baixa oferta de mercado e alto custo.
SAF: define metas de emissões para as companhias aéreas, incentivando o aumento do uso de combustível de aviação sustentável (SAF, na sigla em inglês), visando alcançar uma redução de 1pc nas emissões para as companhias aéreas até 2027 e 10pc até 2037.
Captura e armazenamento de carbono (CCS, na sigla em inglês): propõe um marco regulatório para o exercício das atividades de captura e estocagem geológica de dióxido de carbono, cuja regulação será atribuída à Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP).
Diesel verde ou renovável: cria um programa nacional para incorporar o diesel verde ou renovável na matriz de combustíveis do país. O mandato de mistura será definido pelo CNPE e terá um piso de 3pc até 2027. O diesel com conteúdo renovável (diesel R) da Petrobras ficou de fora do texto.
E-fuels: estabelece meios legais que incentivem a produção dos chamados e-fuels, alternativas sintéticas aos combustíveis fósseis feitos a partir de hidrogênio e CO2.
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Brazil biomethane parity prices R2.43-2.79: Correction
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