The top bidder in the auction for Venezuelan state-run PdV's US refining subsidiary, Citgo, says it plans to reinvest in its 804,000 b/d of refining capacity, but concerns remain over the private equity-backed buyer's intentions.
Amber Energy was selected on 27 September as the top bidder in an auction for the seventh-largest US refiner, with a bid of $7.3bn. The company, backed by investors including Elliott Investment Management, says it would focus on "enhancing the value of its [Citgo's] core assets" by prioritising "operational excellence", reinvesting in the business and pursuing "strategic investments".
Amber is led by industry veterans Gregory Goff and Jeff Stevens. The latter was chief executive of Western Refining from 2010-17, while Goff ran refiner Andeavor from 2010-18, during which time it changed its name from Tesoro, bought Stevens' Western Refining and was then bought by Marathon Petroleum.
Goff and Stevens' refining pedigree has not allayed concerns in the market that one of their investors, Elliott, and other undisclosed backers, want to split up the assets and sell them for a combined price higher than the investment group's $7.3bn bid. Elliott's track record of activist investing in North American refiners shows a clear preference for improving the core business of processing crude into fuels, with little interest in what the investment firm views as non-core assets.
Elliott pushed Canadian integrated energy company Suncor in 2022 for board changes and divestment of its 1,500 retail stores, which it ultimately did not sell. The firm had more luck with Marathon, which agreed to sell its 3,900-store Speedway network in 2019, the year after it bought Andeavor. Last year, Elliott purchased a $1bn stake in Phillips 66 and called for the company to refocus on its refining business and reduce operating costs. Phillips 66 divested some of its retail network and pipelines this year.
The investment group, which started out trading in the 1970s but has since expanded into a multi-strategy hedge fund and private equity firm, has shown a clear preference for merchant refiners within its activist investments, and criticised the strategy of integrated refining companies. It is not clear whether that preference carries through to its private-markets investment in Amber, which could also be eyeing an initial public offering for the assets down the line. Elliott did not respond to requests for comment on its strategy. A spokesperson for Amber declined to discuss details of the company's strategy on the record.
Seeking closure
Amber said it expects the sale to close in mid-2025, pending regulatory approval and a final recommendation by the US Court for the District of Delaware. But investors involved in the auction process and other downstream operators told Argus that higher bids from other refiners or groups are likely, as Amber's bid is considered relatively low for what are widely viewed as attractive refining assets.
The auction comes at a time of flatlining domestic demand for road fuels such as gasoline, and ongoing worries about the future of the US refining industry, where smaller and less profitable plants are the most likely to shutter operations. But Citgo's two Gulf coast assets — a 455,000 b/d refinery in Louisiana and a 165,000 b/d plant in Texas — are large, complex refineries that could benefit from access to export markets as domestic demand wanes and the Gulf coast readies for the 2025 closure of LyondellBasell's 264,000 b/d Houston plant. Citgo's 184,000 b/d Lemont refinery in Illinois could gain access to cheap Canadian heavy crude and sell products to the US market when major plants such as ExxonMobil's 252,000 b/d Joliet refinery in Illinois and BP's 435,000 b/d Whiting facility in Indiana are off line owing to outages or maintenance.
