News
11/06/26
Brazil waste oil mandate could raise biodiesel costs
Sao Paulo, 11 June (Argus) — The mandatory use of waste oils and fats (WOFs) in
the production of biodiesel in Brazil is likely to raise product costs,
considering the limited supply of these raw materials and competition from
products with higher added value, such as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and
hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). In May, Brazil's mines and energy ministry MME
published a decree mandating the use of 1pc WOFs in the production of biodiesel,
SAF and HVO starting 1 January 2028. Until then, the use of these raw materials
is voluntary. Per the decree, the minimum percentage of WOFs will be reviewed
every three years, based on factors such as the available quantity of the raw
material, advances in traceability mechanisms, the expansion of collection
infrastructure and increased pretreatment capacity. In Brazil, the market for
used cooking oil (UCO) — one of the main types of WOFs — remains unregulated and
lacks consolidated official data. Estimates of collection levels in the coming
years vary widely, with projections ranging from 500,000 metric tonnes (t)/y to
2mn t/y, according to market participants. In 2025, biodiesel production used
approximately 100,000t of UCO. When soybean oil prices are high, WOFs serve as
an important alternative feedstock for biodiesel production, especially for
non-vertically integrated plants. In 2025, for example, the average price of UCO
fob Sao Paulo, with 3.5pc acidity was R5,438($1.051)/t. The price of soybean oil
cif Sao Paulo stood at R5,808/t during the same period, according to Argus
indicators. The mandatory use of WOFs may alter this trend, with increased
demand from the biodiesel, SAF and HVO industries driving up the price of UCO
and, consequently, the final product. The use of WOFs in biodiesel production is
also expected to impact the glycerin market, which, because some countries
accept only the byproduct derived from virgin vegetable oils, will need to
diversify its consumer base. The Brazilian biofuels industry considers the
deadline for the mandatory adoption of 1pc OGRs in biodiesel production to be
insufficient, given the necessary adaptations required at plants that currently
operate exclusively with virgin vegetable oils. A major biodiesel producer that
acquired existing WOF plants in the Brazilian market told Argus that it has been
involved for over three years in projects to adapt these industrial units. It
considers it unfeasible for small-scale plants to complete all the required
adjustments in just over a year and a half. The MME stated that the measure
takes into account the sector's varying technological realities. The gradual
implementation is specifically intended to allow for industrial adaptation and
the expansion of processing capacity for these raw materials. Traceability
initiatives Brazil's UCO market is maturing but, to date, lacks consolidated
traceability projects. According to the MME, the period of voluntary use of WOFs
was structured to allow for the sector's gradual adaptation, the development of
collection and processing chains and the advancement of traceability mechanisms.
In this context, Brazil's animal recycling association Abra is working to create
a specific national classification of economic activities (CNAE) for UCO. The
organization is also developing an app designed to record information on the
collection and movement of the raw material, with the aim of reducing
traceability gaps and increasing transparency throughout the production chain.
Meanwhile, Brazil's state-controlled oil company Petrobras recently announced an
investment of R23mn in initiatives for the collection of animal by-products
intended for the production of biofuel. The funds will be directed toward
projects by non-profit organizations to improve the logistics and infrastructure
of collection points, including the provision of equipment for filtering and
temporary storage of the product. By Natalia Dalle Cort Send comments and
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