Generic Hero BannerGeneric Hero Banner
Latest market news

Investida das montadoras não deve salvar setor do aço

  • Market: Metals
  • 14/03/24

É pouco provável que os novos investimentos anunciados por fabricantes de automóveis no Brasil proporcione um grande impulso ao setor siderúrgico do país, que está paralelamente pressionado pelo aumento das importações.

Desde o início deste ano, as principais montadoras anunciaram bilhões de dólares em investimentos para aumentar a produção e impulsionar operações mais verdes.

O Brasil importou 1,6 milhão de toneladas (t) de aço destinado ao uso automotivo em 2023, um aumento de 4,6pc em comparação com 2022, de acordo com o Instituto Aço Brasil. Espera-se que as importações totais de aço aumentem mais 20pc em 2024, enquanto o consumo aparente deverá crescer apenas 1pc, disse o instituto.

O ligeiro aumento no consumo projetado ocorre mesmo com as montadoras General Motors (GM), Volkswagen, Hyundai e Toyota anunciando investimentos no país. A Stellantis também disse neste mês que planeja investir US$6 bilhões no Brasil e lançar 40 novos modelos de veículos até 2030.

A montadora chinesa BYD também iniciou este mês a fabricação de veículos elétricos (EV) no Brasil, afirmando que planeja produzir 150.000 veículos anualmente até o final deste ano, fazendo do país seu centro de exportação de EV na América do Sul.

As projeções da associação siderúrgica de aumento das importações em detrimento da produção doméstica reforçam comentários recentes de produtores e analistas de aço.

As exportações totais de aço da China em 2023 aumentaram 36pc, para 90,3 milhões de t. Participantes de mercado esperam que as exportações de aço se mantenham num nível relativamente elevado em 2024, uma vez que a procura local da China permanecerá fraca, pressionada por uma lenta recuperação na sua indústria imobiliária — o maior setor consumidor de aço do país.

O Brasil importou 2,9 milhões de t de aço da China em 2023, um aumento de 62pc em comparação com 2022, segundo a Aço Brasil.

"[A China] não é considerada uma economia de mercado", a associação siderúrgica latino-americana Alacero disse à Argus. "Isso lhes permite inundar o mundo com produtos siderúrgicos e derivados a preços muito baixos".

As montadoras não responderam aos pedidos de comentários sobre se preferem aço importado ou nacional para produção, mas a associação brasileira de veículos Anfavea disse à Argus que o preço do aço tem impacto direto no custo de fabricação de veículos e de máquinas autopropulsadas.

As montadoras ainda podem preferir aço local mais caro, já que tendem a priorizar a entrega no prazo devido ao perfil de produção e aos estoques just-in-time, disse à Argus a analista sênior da Moody's Investor Service, Carolina Chimenti.

"Se houver um grande aumento na produção automotiva (tanto de leves como de pesados, e também na produção de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, por exemplo), isso tende a aumentar a produção de aço também", completou.

Alguns produtores locais estão otimistas de que os fabricantes comprarão aço nacional. Uma fonte disse à Argus que "qualquer movimento" em direção à industrialização é positivo para o setor, que vem perdendo sua participação no crescimento do país ao longo dos anos.

A perda de estoque por oxidação ou qualidade inferior e a falta de especificidade para o setor automobilístico também foram citadas como aspectos negativos para o aço importado. Mas os preços voltariam a ser fundamentais.

O aço importado da China está tão mais barato que o aço nacional que a indústria prefere correr o risco de parte do volume loteado vir com alguns dos problemas mencionados acima e ser descartado, disse Igor Guedes, analista de metais da Genial Investimentos.

Impacto sobre o ferro-gusa

Qualquer aumento notável na procura por aço nacional também poderá afetar as exportações de matérias-primas siderúrgicas, como o ferro-gusa.

O ferro-gusa é uma matéria-prima essencial para as usinas baseadas em fornos elétricos dos Estados Unidos, que constituem a maior parte da sua capacidade total de produção de aço.

Os EUA importaram mais de 2,7 milhões de toneladas de ferro-gusa do Brasil em 2023, representando mais de 75pc do total das importações dos EUA durante o ano, de acordo com dados governamentais.

A dependência do ferro-gusa brasileiro cresceu devido às interrupções na cadeia de abastecimento causadas pela guerra entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia e poderá aumentar a pressão sobre os preços do material.

A Argus precificou o ferro-gusa pela última vez em US$430/t FOB sul em 7 de março.

Não está claro se os produtores locais do ferro-gusa prefeririam as vendas no mercado interno, uma vez que alguns fabricantes citaram benefícios fiscais de exportação, por exemplo, compensando os ganhos no mercado interno.

"Os compradores brasileiros pagam muito pouco pelo ferro-gusa nacional", disse uma fonte.


Sharelinkedin-sharetwitter-sharefacebook-shareemail-share

Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

News
11/02/25

Rain shuts Australian copper, fertilizer rail line

Rain shuts Australian copper, fertilizer rail line

Sydney, 11 February (Argus) — Torrential rains have shut Australia's Mount Isa rail line, which links phosphate and copper mines to the Port of Townsville in Queensland, with no reopening timeline in place. "The North Coast and Mount Isa rail lines have suffered severe damage with approximately 177 defects found so far," rail operator Queensland Rail (QR) said on 10 February. But the company has not yet examined parts of the line because of safety concerns, QR told Argus , preventing it from coming up with a reopening plan. Mining firm Glencore's Mount Isa copper and Australian manufacturer Incitec Pivot's Phosphate Hill fertilizer mines use the line to move commodities from production sites to the Port of Townsville, for export or distribution to other parts of Australia. Australian mining firm Centrex also uses the line to ship phosphate rock from its Ardmore phosphate project. Wet weather forced the Port of Abbot Point, located just south of Townsville, to close from 31 January to 5 February . The Port of Townsville remained open throughout that period, despite large parts of the city flooding. Incitec Pivot's Phosphate Hill plant is also currently facing non-weather-related challenges. The company lowered the mine's forecast production by 7pc to 740,000-800,000t for the 2025 financial year to 30 June, because of gas supply challenges. Argus ' MAP/DAP fob Townsville price was last assessed at $620-640/t on 6 February. By Avinash Govind and Tom Woodlock Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Find out more
News

Trump imposes new tariffs on steel, aluminum


11/02/25
News
11/02/25

Trump imposes new tariffs on steel, aluminum

Washington, 10 February (Argus) — US president Donald Trump today imposed a 25pc tariff on all US imports of steel and aluminum, although he said he would consider making an exemption for imports from Australia. In remarks to reporters at the White House Trump complained that many of the steel and aluminum tariffs he imposed since 2018 have been moderated or reduced for some countries. Currently Australia and Canada can export any steel and aluminum they want to into the US without tariffs, while Mexico can export steel melted and poured in the US-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) agreement region into the US without tariffs, while any material with an origin outside of USMCA is subject to 25pc tariffs. "Our nation requires steel and aluminum to be made in America, not in foreign lands," Trump said. "It's 25pc without exceptions, and that's all countries, no matter where it comes from, all countries." But Trump, prompted by reporters, confirmed that he may make an exemption for Australian-sourced steel, after Canberra threatened to take reciprocal measures. "We have a surplus with Australia, one of the few," Trump said, referring to an overall trade surplus the US runs with Australia. "And the reason is they buy a lot of airplanes." Trump said he spoke with Australian prime minister Anthony Albanese earlier today. "I told him that [steel tariff exemptions] is something that we will give great consideration." A similar exemption for the UK is unlikely since the US already is running a trade deficit with that country, Trump said. Trump contended that his initial volley of tariffs in 2018 led to the creation of hundreds of thousands of jobs in the US and boosted economic growth. A 2019 study from the Federal Reserve Board that was updated in 2024 estimates that taking into account retaliatory tariffs, there was a net decrease in US jobs and economic growth from the tariffs. US oil and gas midstream companies were among the industries hit by the 2018 tariffs, which led to higher costs for pipeline steel. Most steel imports from non-tariffed US steel imports are heavily reliant on the countries that are currently not subject to US tariffs, with their volumes making up 80pc of the 26.2mn metric tonnes (t) of steel products imported in 2024, according to US Department of Commerce data. Steel tariff rate quota (TRQ) systems are in place for Argentina, Brazil, the EU, Japan, South Korea and the UK for steel products, with specifics dependent on the country. The CME Midwest hot-rolled coil (HRC) futures market jumped today, after Trump said on Sunday he would impose new tariffs, by $51/short ton (st) for March to $856/st, while April increased by $48/st to $858/st. Steel costs would rise by $6.38bn based on the $25.5bn value of 2024 steel imports from those nontariffed countries, if volumes remained the same. Those higher costs would lead to more US steel mill price increases, with one buyer expecting another round of price increases coming soon from US steelmakers. Steelmaker Nucor has increased its published hot-rolled coil (HRC) spot price by $40/short ton (st) in the last three weeks to $790/st. Other steelmakers like ArcelorMittal USA, Cleveland-Cliffs, and US Steel are at $800/st offers for their spot HRC. Canada key aluminum supplier In the aluminum market, the US imported over 6mn t of products in 2024, according to customs data. Canadian aluminum exporters currently have no restrictions on their volumes into the US. They shipped the highest volumes into the US and are responsible for an even larger share of primary aluminum imports. Current US primary aluminum smelting capacity, excluding idled operations, is around 795,000t/yr, which equaled less than one-third of Canadian imports and one-fifth of total imports. There are multiple idled primary aluminum facilities and a greenfield plant currently under construction, but observers and company representatives challenged the feasibility of idled plant restarts in the past. TRQ systems exist for US aluminum imports from Argentina, the EU, and the UK. By Haik Gugarats Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Trump seeks to end output of zinc-based penny


10/02/25
News
10/02/25

Trump seeks to end output of zinc-based penny

Houston, 10 February (Argus) — US president Donald Trump ordered the US Treasury Department to stop making the zinc-heavy penny, lamenting the coin's production costs, but any such effort may require more than just an executive directive. Trump on Sunday targeted the "wasteful" penny in a social media post, saying the US "for far too long" has minted the coin, "which literally cost us more than 2¢." The US Mint in its latest fiscal year lost $85mn producing pennies, with unit costs increasing by 20pc to 3.69¢ from 2023. Metal market participants do not expect a halt in penny production to materially reduce demand for zinc, which accounts for 97.5pc of the 1¢ piece's composition. Copper comprises the balance. "It doesn't take a whole lot of metal to make pennies," one source told Argus . The Mint shipped 3.2bn pennies last year, consuming 7,732 metric tonnes (t) in zinc from October-September. In contrast, the US imported 584,144t of unwrought zinc during the same timeframe. Tennessee-based Artazn, which provides the zinc blanks used in the Mint's penny production, did not respond to a request for comment. Conversely, the Mint lost nearly $18mn making nickels, which would become the lowest-denominated coin if Trump has his way. Unit costs for the 5¢ piece were higher than the penny's, increasing by 19pc to 13.78¢. Still, it remains unclear whether the president — through the Treasury — has the authority to unilaterally end circulation of the penny. The US Constitution gives Congress the exclusive power to "coin money" and determine values, but Treasury secretary Scott Bessent may be able to halt new minting until legislative action is taken. The Treasury and the Mint did not respond to requests for comment. Trump's efforts echo past attempts by his predecessors and other politicians to do away with the penny, but to no avail. Former president Barack Obama questioned the coin's function in 2013, and former Sen. John McCain and current Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-NY) filed bills in 2017 to suspend output for 10 years. By Alex Nicoll Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Tantalite prices surge on DRC conflict


10/02/25
News
10/02/25

Tantalite prices surge on DRC conflict

London, 10 February (Argus) — International tantalite prices rose sharply over the past two weeks following renewed violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the end of the lunar new year public holiday in China. Argus last assessed prices for minimum 25pc tantalite at $80-88/lb cif main ports on 6 February, up by around 8pc and in a larger range compared with $75-81/lb on 28 January. And prices are expected to continue to rise in the near term. The Argus index surged as Chinese consumers returned to the market after the lunar new year holiday with limited stocks, urgently looking to secure material from central Africa amid escalating conflict in eastern DRC. The M23 militant group took control of Goma in North Kivu province at the end of January, and has advanced towards Bukavu in South Kivu in recent days, despite announcing a ceasefire last week. An emergency summit of African leaders on 8 February urged all parties involved in the conflict to hold peace talks within five days and to open humanitarian corridors. M23 have captured or surrounded several mine sites for the 3T conflict minerals — tantalum, tungsten and tin — prompting local artisanal mining companies to flee and due diligence organisation ITSCI to withdraw from multiple territories in the region. Most recently, M23 took control of Nyabibwe town in South Kivu, close to the Nyabibwe tin mine. The extraction, transport, trade, handling and export of minerals produced at mines occupied by non-state armed groups goes against OECD guidelines for responsible mineral sourcing, which means most smelters and downstream original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) will not accept material mined in areas under M23 control. The rapid advance of M23 has prompted a push among mining firms to export material from DRC to avoid possible looting, market participants said. And banks in South Kivu are out of cash, further encouraging artisanal mining firms in the area to sell material quickly. Challenging year ahead M23's expansion in DRC has come at a time when global tantalite supply is already squeezed. The militant group's takeover of the mining town of Rubaya in May last year, a recognition dispute between ITSCI and the responsible minerals initiative, the implementation of the US' section 301 tariffs on Chinese tantalum products, and generally sluggish demand from the downstream electronics industry meant that many smelters worked through their stocks in 2024 and started this year with limited inventories. "Compared to last year, there's not much material sitting in the supply chain. 2024 was the year of decreasing inventory and now we are starting to pick up more units," a tantalite consumer said. OEMs and smelters have over the past year faced pressure from major technology companies such as Apple to cut Rwandan and DRC tantalite from the supply chain, because of the increased risk of mineral fraud. Some tantalite consumers have aimed to diversify their supply chains with material produced in other African countries including, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Sierra Leone. But political unrest has also disrupted supply from Mozambique in recent months, and much less material is available from other origins compared with mines in the Great Lakes region. "This is a challenging year for tantalum. We are facing very restricted supply chains," a consumer said. By Sian Morris Argus Tantalite Prices Feb 2025 $/lb Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Mexico inflation slows to 4-year low in January


10/02/25
News
10/02/25

Mexico inflation slows to 4-year low in January

Mexico City, 10 February (Argus) — Mexico's consumer price index (CPI) eased to an annual 3.59pc January, the lowest in four years, as deceleration in agriculture prices offset faster inflation in energy and consumer goods prices. This marks the lowest annual inflation since January 2021 and a significant slowdown from July's annual peak of 5.57pc, which was driven by weather-impacted food prices. The result, reported by statistics agency Inegi on 7 January, was slightly below than the 3.63pc median estimate from 35 analysts polled in Citi Research's 5 February survey. It compares with the 4.21pc headline inflation in December, marking five months of declines in the past six months. Mexican core inflation, which excluded volatile energy and food, sped slightly to 3.66pc in January from 3.65pc in December, while non-core inflation decelerated to 3.34pc from 5.95pc the previous month. Movement, in the non-core, said Banorte, was mostly explained by a positive basis of comparison, and "will reverse as soon as the second half of February to push the headline metric above 4pc," said Banorte. Core inflation accelerated slightly to 3.66pc in January from 3.65pc in December, marking the second uptick after 22 consecutive months of deceleration. Services inflation slowed to 4.69pc from 4.94pc, while consumer goods inflation ticked up to 2.74 from 2.4pc. Non-core inflation slowed sharply to 3.34pc from 6.57pc in December. This was largely due to base effects, Banorte said, adding these base effects are likely to fade this month to speed headline annual inflation back above 4pc. The base effects most clearly impacted fruit and vegetable price inflation, contracting 7.73pc in January from 6.65pc annual inflation the previous month. Moving forward, agriculture prices are highly exposed to the coming hot, dry season in Mexico, with the La Nina climate phenomenon, adding a layer of uncertainty. Meanwhile, energy inflation accelerated to 6.34pc in January from 5.73pc the previous month, driven by higher LPG prices. Electricity inflation, meanwhile, sped to 4.32pc in January from 2.65pc in December, while inflation slowed to 0.02pc in January for domestic natural gas prices from 5.67pc in December. Monetary policy The January inflation report followed the central bank's decision Thursday to reduce its target interest rate to 9.50pc from 10pc. This was the bank's sixth rate cut since March 2024, winding down from 11.25pc. The 4-1 decision marked an acceleration in the current rate cycle, opting for a half-point reduction rather than the previous five 25-basis-point cuts. In board comments with the announcement, the bank cited "significant progress in resolving the inflationary episode derived from the global shocks" in 2021 and 2022. These triggered rate hikes from 4pc in June 2021 to 11.25pc in April 2022, the target rate's historic high. Taking into account the "country's weak economic activity" and this progress in reducing inflation, the board said it would "consider adjusting [the target] by similar magnitudes" at upcoming meetings. By James Young Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Generic Hero Banner

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more