Overview
Jet fuel market volatility, whether from crude prices, supply issues from refining capacity, or ongoing regulation changes, is a continual risk to your bottom line.
Having a choice in fuel pricing is the best way to mitigate risk and stay on top of market changes. Argus constructs price indexation in a way that is appropriate for each market. By doing so, market participants can align their day-to-day operations, improve management of fuel costs and directly impact their net earnings.
Jet fuel makes up more than 40% of an airline’s total operating expense. The rise in importance of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from government mandates and self-regulations from airlines has a direct implication on these operating costs.
Argus helps the jet fuel market participants to make informed decisions and optimize their strategies with price assessments and information on deals done for conventional jet fuel and SAF, as well as the latest market-moving news, in-depth analysis, supply and demand dynamics, and price forecasts.
Latest jet fuel news
Browse the latest market moving news on the global jet fuel industry.
Europe using US Jet A far from taking off
Europe using US Jet A far from taking off
Houston, 27 April (Argus) — Looming jet fuel shortages in Europe have led some aviation associations to call for allowing the use of Jet A from the US to supplement supplies of Jet A1, but hurdles regarding logistics, safety and pricing would need to be overcome, experts and market participants warn. Europe — like most of the world — uses A1-specification jet fuel, whereas the US uses Jet A. The two specifications are almost identical, but Jet A1 importantly has a freeze point of -47°C, which is 7°C lower than Jet A. Jet fuel supply to Europe has come under significant pressure since Iran's closure of the strait of Hormuz, through which 40pc of Europe's jet fuel imports transit. Europe is replenishing only half of its lost supply at the most and shortages are forecast to emerge in May-June. The US has become Europe's largest jet fuel supplier since the loss of Mideast Gulf flows, with arrivals set to surpass 500,000t in April, double the previous monthly record, Kpler vessel tracking data show. But not all US refiners are capable of producing Jet A1, and A1 cargoes require certification before export, a European trader at a US firm said. Aviation associations have called on the European Commission to allow the use of Jet A in Europe to help mitigate the supply crisis. "There has been talk about that for weeks" in the market, a European broker said. The European Commission could soon explore the matter , its transport minister said. The ruling could boost US jet fuel supply to Europe. US jet fuel stocks totalled 43.7mn bl as of 17 April, more than 10pc higher on the year. Opening the European market to Jet A would create an additional outlet for these barrels, potentially supporting US prices. "It would make my fuel more expensive here," a US fuel procurer said. It would also remove the need for US refiners to segregate Jet A and A1, granting them greater flexibility in placing jet fuel into either domestic or export channels. US market participants caution, however, that sustained export demand would depend on arbitrage economics and logistical capacity, not only regulatory change. Arbitrage economics to ship jet fuel from the US to Europe appear viable, market participants say. European jet fuel was trading around parity with US equivalents prior to the 28 February start of the US-Iran war. European prices have surged sharply because of the conflict, averaging more than $26/bl higher than US Gulf coast jet fuel since that date, Argus assessments show. A recent softening of transatlantic freight rates could further support arbitrage. Pie in the sky? But many consider the allowance of Jet A in Europe unlikely. Airlines could use the US grade for short-haul, lower-altitude flights in warmer areas because of its higher freeze point, although this would be extremely difficult from a logistical perspective. Fuel suppliers may need to dedicate specific storage tanks to Jet A, complicating refuelling operations, as it is unclear whether the two grades could be blended in one tank. "I wouldn't want to be on long-haul to Russia with [Jet A's] higher freezing point", a trader said. It is unfeasible for Europe to use Jet A, according to a senior fuel inspector. Not only are the specifications different, but Jet A1 requires strict traceability from crude sourcing to final blending, including refining components and approved additives. This is to meet Defstan 91-091, the standard specification for Jet A1 set by the UK Ministry of Defence. Jet A has no traceability requirements, the inspector added. The market impact of allowing Jet A in Europe is also unclear. It would increase the US' role as a swing supplier to Europe and heighten the sensitivity of the US to European price movements, as is already the case for diesel. In Europe, the use of Jet A and A1 could create a two-tier market, leaving certain producers at a disadvantage if there are significant margins between the two grades. From 2 March through 24 April, prices for Jet A1 have commanded a $2.10/bl premium over Jet A prices at the US Gulf coast, compared with prices that were near parity in the first two months of the year. Some market participants suggested that Europe could relax or waive the Defstan traceability requirements for Jet A1, supporting US exports without completely altering European specifications or US refining practices. By Amaar Khan and Craig Ross Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Australian fuel stocks exceed levels before US-Iran war
Australian fuel stocks exceed levels before US-Iran war
Sydney, 20 April (Argus) — Australia's fuel stocks are higher than at the outbreak of the US Iran war, energy minister Chris Bowen said on 18 April. Australia held fuel stocks equivalent to 31 days of gasoil consumption, 30 days of jet fuel and 46 days of gasoline under its minimum stockpile obligation (MSO) on 14 April, data released on the same day show. Volumes include those in country storage and cargoes located within Australia's exclusive economic zone. Australia's fuel requirements are contracted until the end of May, Bowen added. Fuel suppliers are required to report stocks every Tuesday and prove compliance with the MSO under federal law by Friday. MSO data were published quarterly prior to the US Iran war but shifted to weekly disclosures in early March . Australia had average holdings equivalent to 32 days of gasoil consumption, 29 days of jet fuel and 38 days of gasoline, according to the most recent quarterly MSO figures, covering September–December 2025. The Australian government will allow domestic sales of 50ppm sulphur gasoline until the end of September, extending earlier temporary relaxations introduced in March. The initial waiver permitted refiner Ampol to sell gasoline above the national 10ppm sulphur limit for 60 days and allowed imports of 50ppm material. From September, suppliers will be permitted to blend higher sulphur gasoline into the broader fuel pool at lower rates until 31 December, Bowen said. Suppliers subject to the MSO can paper trade S-21 tickets with other importers to ensure compliance. An S-21 ticket is a ticket for one litre of gasoil, jet fuel or gasoline. Gasoil remains the tightest market for MSO compliance and the requirement became more stringent after the mandated gasoil stock levels increased from 1 July 2025 to 32 days of cover for importers and 20 days for refiners Viva Energy and Ampol. Viva is typically long on S-21 tickets thanks to its lower days of consumption requirements owing to its 120,000 b/d Geelong refinery. Lower distillates output at Geelong could mean it has less tickets to offer other importers who could be short of their MSO requirements. Importers had their MSO requirements for gasoil and gasoline lowered by 20pc in an attempt to boost supply after a surge in demand from panic buying led to service stations running dry in regional areas. Meanwhile, the fire at Viva's Geelong refinery on 15 April was confined to the alkylation unit, while processing units including the crude distillation and reformer units remain unaffected. The residue catalytic cracking unit (RCCU) is temporarily off line as part of stabilisation efforts. The RCCU unit was restarted in mid-October 2025 following a major maintenance. Viva expects production of diesel, jet fuel and gasoline to return to above 90pc of capacity in coming weeks, subject to plant inspections. The Geelong refinery does not typically process Middle Eastern crude, sourcing supplies mainly from North and South America, southeast Asia and Australia. Viva said it has secured crude supply through July, with high confidence of continued availability. Around one-third of Viva's transport fuel sales are supplied by the Geelong refinery, with the remainder largely met by imports from the Asia Pacific region through its partnership with Vitol. By Tom Woodlock Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
EU downplays IEA warning on jet fuel shortage risk
EU downplays IEA warning on jet fuel shortage risk
Brussels, 17 April (Argus) — The European Commission has sought to downplay warnings about a looming jet fuel shortage in Europe, but has not ruled out taking action if supply from the Mideast Gulf remains disrupted. EU officials are "obviously" aware that jet fuel markets are tight, but "there is no indication of systemic fuel shortages that would lead to widespread flight cancellations", European Commission energy spokesperson Anna-Kaisa Itkonen said today. EU refineries cover around 70pc of the bloc's jet fuel demand, with the remainder met by imports, according to the commission. Itkonen was responding to a warning from the IEA that jet fuel stocks in Europe may fall low enough to cause physical shortages at some airports by June unless the region can secure more than 50pc of its lost Middle East volumes. IEA executive director Fatih Birol reiterated that message on 16 April, telling the Associated Press that Europe has "maybe six weeks or so of jet fuel left" if the strait of Hormuz is not reopened. Despite the EU's more sanguine tone, Itkonen said the commission is still preparing for "possible" supply shortages, and will launch "co-ordinated" action if necessary such as releasing oil stocks. A draft plan leaked earlier this week suggests the commission is due to outline measures to address rising energy prices and energy security on 22 April, focusing on jet fuel and diesel availability, refinery capacity and gas storage filling. There may be some near-term relief. Since Itkonen's comments, Iran's foreign minister has announced that the strait of Hormuz will be open to commercial vessels for the duration of the US-Iran ceasefire . By Dafydd ab Iago Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
US–Iran war draws arbitrage to plug Asia fuel gap
US–Iran war draws arbitrage to plug Asia fuel gap
Singapore, 17 April (Argus) — The US–Iran conflict has disrupted an estimated 4.5mn b/d of oil product exports from the Mideast Gulf, prompting Asia-Pacific buyers to pull cargoes from alternative supply regions to help plug mounting supply gaps. Middle distillate markets are seeing elevated inflows, with record arbitrage arrivals of around 231,000 b/d of jet fuel and gasoil expected in April, mainly from Russia, according to Kpler. For comparison, Asia-Pacific imported just 7,000 b/d from west of Suez in 2025 and 15,000 b/d in 2024. The Asia-Pacific region is typically longer and trade flows typically flow from East to West instead of the other way, but the US-Iran war has invited large volumes of "reverse arbitrage" inflows. The naphtha market has also attracted close to 3mn t of arbitrage cargoes to offset the 3-4 mn t/month from the strait of Hormuz, with close to 3mn t loaded from west of Suez in March set to arrive in April-May. But these inflows remain insufficient, as Asia typically consumes 6–7mn t/month of naphtha, most of which is sourced from the Mideast Gulf. The resulting imbalance has triggered widespread cracker run rate cuts and multiple force majeure declarations across the region. Other light distillate markets have also shown similar trends. In the gasoline market, buyers in the Asia-Pacific have drawn a record near 119,000 b/d of gasoline from west of Suez for May arrivals, according to shipping data from Kpler. This is sharply higher than 8,000 b/d in 2025 and 17,000 b/d in 2024. The influx of arbitrage cargoes have helped to stem some of the losses in supplies, although the latest easing in oil product crack spreads across the board was likely more driven more by an easing in bullish sentiment as peace and ceasefire talks have kicked off. Over the week, gasoline, gasoil and jet fuel crack spreads fell by 21pc, 12.9pc and 2.8pc to $23.74/bl, $54.56/bl and $73.51/bl, respectively. Naphtha crack spreads declined 32.15pc to $212.03/t. Price tug-of-war Looking ahead, the onset of Europe's summer driving and travel season could force Asia-Pacific buyers to widen east-west arbitrage spreads to attract sufficient cargoes. East-west spreads must rise sufficiently to offset high freight costs and incentivise flows east rather than keeping barrels in western markets. But those spreads have recently narrowed. The gasoline east-west spread fell to $2.95/bl on 15 April from $12.15/bl on 1 April. The prompt naphtha east-west spread retreated to $67.50/t from $100.75/t over the same period, while the gasoil east-west spread turned negative, dropping to –$76.16/t from $130.91/t. A narrow or negative spread significantly reduces the economic incentive for arbitrage flows into Asia. If the strait of Hormuz remains shut, refiners in the region must try to procure alternative crudes to increase runs to produce much needed domestic supplies or put a cap on demand if the east-west spread remains narrow, according to market participants. Not sustainable Arbitrage inflows are providing some relief now, but they are not a sustainable solution if the strait of Hormuz remains shut, given that there are insufficient cargoes globally to meet demand, analysts trading firms said. Prices will need to "roll up" until demand is curtailed or regional refiners raise run rates by processing alternative crude. Even then, running crudes that refineries are not designed to run will put a cap on Asia-Pacific refined product output, weighing on residual fuel production and potentially reducing secondary unit efficiency. By Aldric Chew, Asill Bardh and Cara Wong Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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