Nacionalização no AP atrai comprador no Sul

  • Market: Oil products
  • 03/04/24

Incentivos fiscais a combustíveis concedidos pelo governo do Amapá estão atraindo distribuidores de pequeno porte no Sul do Brasil, que começam a ganhar vantagem competitiva em relação a participantes de médio e grande porte que atuam na região.

Importadores de diesel, gasolina e etanol anidro localizados no estado do Amapá estão atualmente isentos do recolhimento de ICMS no caso de transações realizadas por ordem de terceiros. A cobrança do ICMS só é aplicada no caso de importações para uso próprio, a uma alíquota efetiva de 4pc do valor da importação. Considerando a média do indicador Argus de importação de diesel de origem russa ao longo de março, isso equivaleria a R$136,9/m³.O valor atual do ICMS nos outros estados brasileiros é de R$1.063/m³ desde 1 de fevereiro.

A medida gera distorções nos preços de combustíveis, particularmente no diesel, uma vez que o país importa aproximadamente 20pc do consumo doméstico.

Distribuidores e importadores de atuação nacional afirmam que parte do fluxo estrangeiro é nacionalizado no Amapá para depois ser redirecionado a outros locais, sem a necessidade de desembarque prévio do produto no estado.

O principal destino é o porto de Paranaguá (PR), de acordo com fontes, onde as negociações no mercado à vista de diesel nacionalizado têm sido mais frequentes que as atividades nos portos de Santos (SP) e São Luís (MA). Apesar da proximidade, o impacto desse produto na região Nordeste é praticamente nulo, por ora.

A circulação desse volume no Paraná está permitindo que empresas de pequeno porte ganhem participação de mercado, o que gera um alerta aos concorrentes. A maior parte da oferta do diesel nacionalizado no Amapá é feita pela Amapá Petro, disseram fontes à Argus. A empresa não retornou às tentativas de contato.

Por enquanto, as ofertas do diesel que chega no Amapá não estão chegando a distribuidores de médio e grande porte.

A Refina Brasil, associação que reúne as refinarias de petróleo independentes do país, diz que é contrária a qualquer medida que implique distorção de preço, sobretudo às que prejudicam a reindustrialização do país.

O consultor jurídico da associação, Pedro Paulo Passos, afirma que a criação de um benefício ilegal para favorecer um contribuinte do setor cria uma guerra fiscal e afeta de forma negativa todos os esforços que permeiam a aprovação da reforma tributária, cujo mote é a neutralidade fiscal.

"No longo prazo, utiliza-se dos recursos do contribuinte amapaense para conceder um subsídio que não gera nenhum benefício para o estado", diz Passos. O consultor ainda lembra que o fluxo artificial via Amapá gera prejuízos ao meio ambiente em função da logística percorrida pelas cargas até os mercados finais.

A Refina Brasil estima que o contribuinte amapaense paga um valor próximo a R$0,83/l em subsídios para importadores.

Em janeiro e fevereiro, as importações de diesel somaram 1 milhão de m³ e 856.000m³, respectivamente, de acordo com dados do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria, Comércio e Serviços (MDIC). O estado do Amapá recebeu aproximadamente 100.000m³ por mês.

A Refina Brasil enfatiza que a previsão de uma legislação única, com definição de alíquota uniforme em todo o país, favorecerá a criação de um cenário no qual as empresas competirão por questões de mercado e não pela tributação de cada estado. "A neutralidade tributária nos faz crer que medidas como essa [adotada pelo Amapá] não terão mais espaço", disse Passos.

Por Amance Boutin e Gabrielle Moreira


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